Propaganda Movement and Jose Rizal Quiz

Propaganda Movement

• A peaceful campaign for reforms
• Led by Filipino Ilustrados (educated class) during the Spanish colonial period
• Used pen and tongue to pressure the Spanish government
• Organized and participated by the ilustrados
• Began in 1872 after the execution of Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora at the Luneta.

Vocabulary

• Propaganda: Spreading ideas or information to help an institution, cause, or person
• Movement: Act of moving, especially a change of place, position, or posture
• Ilustrado: "Learned" Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period

Key Figures in the Propaganda Movement

• Jose Rizal
• Marcelo del Pilar
• Mariano Ponce
• Graciano Lopez Jaena
• Other Filipinos

Cavite Mutiny

• January 20, 1872
• About 200 Filipino soldiers and dock workers, led by Sergeant La Madrid, mutinied and killed Spanish officers
• Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora were accused of treason against Spain
• Tried in an unfair trial and sentenced to death by garrote on February 17, 1872, in Bagumbayan.

Garrote

• A method of execution where the victim's neck is placed in a collar that is slowly tightened until asphyxiation occurs

Reasons for the Propaganda Movement in Europe

• Desire for reforms: Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law, human rights, restoration of Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes, assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain, and the expulsion of the friars

The Propagandists

• Patriots who used pen and tongue to expose Spanish rule's flaws and advocate for reforms in the Philippines
• Of good family, highly intelligent, educated, patriotic, and courageous
• Symbolized the flower of Filipino manhood

Graciano Lopez Jaena (Diego Laura)

• Journalist, orator, reformist, and national hero
• Editor of La Solidaridad
• Born December 29, 1856, in Jaro, Iloilo
• Educated at the Seminary of Jaro
• Wrote satirical piece, "Fray Botod (Big-Bellied Friar)," criticizing friars' abuses at the age of 18
• Studied Medicine in Spain in 1880 but did not finish
• Became the first editor of La Solidaridad in 1889
• Died of tuberculosis on January 20, 1896, in Barcelona

Marcelo H. Del Pilar (Plaridel, Piping Dilat, Dolores Manapat)

• Lawyer and journalist from Bulacan
• Helped establish Diariong Tagalog in 1882
• Edited the Tagalog section of this first bilingual newspaper
• Released "Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Mockeries)," an anti-clerical commentary in the format of a novena

Lampoon

• Satire, specifically a harsh satire directed against an individual, group, or institution
• Imitates or misrepresents someone's style in a humorous way
• A light, good-humored socio-political commentary with satire
• Associated terms: Spoof, Comic, Relief, Satire, Parody

Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (Dimasalang & Laong Laan)

• National hero, writer, propagandist, doctor (ophthalmologist)
• Born to a wealthy family on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna
• Educated by Jesuits at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas
• Sailed to Spain in 1882 without his parents' knowledge to continue and finish his medical studies
• Organized a society exclusively for Filipinos on July 3, 1892
• Executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan (Luneta), Manila
• Notable works: Noli Me Tangere (1887), El Filibusterismo (1891), Mi último adiós (1896)

La Solidaridad

• Established in February 15, 1889, and ceased publication in November 15, 1895
• Bimonthly newspaper, the official mouthpiece of the Propaganda Movement
• Published in Spain
• Copies smuggled to Philippines through Hong Kong by Jose Maria Basa
• Forced to close in 1895 due to insufficient funds

Propaganda Movement Legacy

• Emergence of Filipino national consciousness

• Failed to attain essential rights and privileges for Filipinos due to

  • Greedy and ambitious leaders
  • Internal conflicts among propagandists
  • Lack of funds
  • Turbulent politics in Spain
  • Influence of friar orders