Pronunciation Flashcards (Chapter 10)

Questions and Answers

What is an axon?

Network of interlacing blood vessels

Substance that helps transmit a nervous pulse (correct)

Part of a nerve cell

Inflammation of a spinal nerve root

What are meninges?

Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Define embolism.

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or foreign substance

What is the Cauda Equina?

Tail end of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What does glial refer to?

Pertaining to supportive cells of the nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thalamus?

A part of the brain that serves as a relay station for impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is a synapse?

Space between nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a plexus?

Network of interlacing blood vessels or nerves (fibers) Signup and view all the answers

What is acetylcholine?

Part of a nerve cell Signup and view all the answers

What does neurasthenia mean?

Lack of strength in nerves; a feeling of weakness and exhaustion Signup and view all the answers

Define dysphasia.

Difficulty speaking Signup and view all the answers

What is analgesia?

A condition of insensitivity to pain Signup and view all the answers

What does hemiplegia refer to?

Slight paralysis of the right or left side of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is radiculitis?

Inflammation of a spinal nerve root Signup and view all the answers

Define neuropathy.

Disease of the nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is vagotomy?

Incision of the vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What does ataxia refer to?

Lack of coordination Signup and view all the answers

Define dysesthesia.

Condition of painful nervous sensations Signup and view all the answers

What is glioma?

Tumor of immature brain cells Signup and view all the answers

What is an electroencephalogram?

Electrical record of the brain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Vocabulary

Axon: A crucial substance that facilitates the transmission of nervous pulses from one neuron to another.
Meninges: Comprise three protective membranes encasing the brain and spinal cord, critical for safeguarding the central nervous system.
Embolism: A medical condition involving the blockage of a blood vessel caused by a clot or other foreign material, impacting blood flow.
Cauda Equina: Refers to the nerve fibers at the lower end of the spinal cord, resembling a horse's tail, essential for lower body function.
Glial Cells: Supportive cells in the nervous system that play key roles in maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin, and providing support and protection for neurons.

Brain Structure and Function

Thalamus: Functions as a central relay station in the brain, processing and distributing sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.
Synapse: The small gap between nerve cells where neurotransmitter exchange occurs, vital for nerve impulse transmission.
Plexus: Networks formed by interlacing blood vessels or nerve fibers, crucial for efficient signal transmission and blood flow regulation.

Neurotransmission and Neurophysiology

Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in muscle activation and parasympathetic nervous system functions.
Neurasthenia: A condition characterized by persistent weakness and fatigue, often related to nerve issues.
Dysphasia: A language disorder that results in difficulty with speech, affecting communication abilities.

Pain and Motor Functions

Analgesia: A state of insensitivity to pain, often achieved medically to help manage discomfort.
Hemiplegia: A condition involving partial paralysis affecting either the right or left side of the body, impacting movement and sensation.
Radiculitis: Inflammation occurring in the roots of spinal nerves, typically causes pain and neurological symptoms.

Nerve Disorders

Neuropathy: A broad term for nerve disease that can lead to weakness, numbness, and pain, typically in the hands and feet.
Vagotomy: A surgical procedure involving the incision of the vagus nerve, impacting digestive functions.
Ataxia: A neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination, often affecting gait and balance.
Dysesthesia: A distressing condition characterized by abnormal sensations, including pain, often linked to nerve dysfunction.
Glioma: A type of tumor arising from immature brain cells, classified based on the type of glial cell involved.

Diagnostic Tools

Electroencephalogram (EEG): A diagnostic test that measures electrical activity in the brain, utilized to identify various neurological conditions.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key terms and their definitions from Chapter 10. This set of flashcards covers important neurological terms and concepts crucial for understanding nervous system functions. Enhance your vocabulary and comprehension of important medical terminology.