Questions and Answers
What is an axon?
What are meninges?
Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
Define embolism.
Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or foreign substance
What is the Cauda Equina?
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What does glial refer to?
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What is the function of the thalamus?
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What is a synapse?
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What is a plexus?
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What is acetylcholine?
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What does neurasthenia mean?
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Define dysphasia.
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What is analgesia?
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What does hemiplegia refer to?
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What is radiculitis?
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Define neuropathy.
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What is vagotomy?
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What does ataxia refer to?
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Define dysesthesia.
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What is glioma?
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What is an electroencephalogram?
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Study Notes
Nervous System Vocabulary
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Axon: A crucial substance that facilitates the transmission of nervous pulses from one neuron to another.
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Meninges: Comprise three protective membranes encasing the brain and spinal cord, critical for safeguarding the central nervous system.
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Embolism: A medical condition involving the blockage of a blood vessel caused by a clot or other foreign material, impacting blood flow.
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Cauda Equina: Refers to the nerve fibers at the lower end of the spinal cord, resembling a horse's tail, essential for lower body function.
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Glial Cells: Supportive cells in the nervous system that play key roles in maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin, and providing support and protection for neurons.
Brain Structure and Function
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Thalamus: Functions as a central relay station in the brain, processing and distributing sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.
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Synapse: The small gap between nerve cells where neurotransmitter exchange occurs, vital for nerve impulse transmission.
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Plexus: Networks formed by interlacing blood vessels or nerve fibers, crucial for efficient signal transmission and blood flow regulation.
Neurotransmission and Neurophysiology
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Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in muscle activation and parasympathetic nervous system functions.
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Neurasthenia: A condition characterized by persistent weakness and fatigue, often related to nerve issues.
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Dysphasia: A language disorder that results in difficulty with speech, affecting communication abilities.
Pain and Motor Functions
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Analgesia: A state of insensitivity to pain, often achieved medically to help manage discomfort.
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Hemiplegia: A condition involving partial paralysis affecting either the right or left side of the body, impacting movement and sensation.
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Radiculitis: Inflammation occurring in the roots of spinal nerves, typically causes pain and neurological symptoms.
Nerve Disorders
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Neuropathy: A broad term for nerve disease that can lead to weakness, numbness, and pain, typically in the hands and feet.
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Vagotomy: A surgical procedure involving the incision of the vagus nerve, impacting digestive functions.
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Ataxia: A neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination, often affecting gait and balance.
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Dysesthesia: A distressing condition characterized by abnormal sensations, including pain, often linked to nerve dysfunction.
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Glioma: A type of tumor arising from immature brain cells, classified based on the type of glial cell involved.
Diagnostic Tools
- Electroencephalogram (EEG): A diagnostic test that measures electrical activity in the brain, utilized to identify various neurological conditions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms and their definitions from Chapter 10. This set of flashcards covers important neurological terms and concepts crucial for understanding nervous system functions. Enhance your vocabulary and comprehension of important medical terminology.