71 Questions
Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?
Eighth cranial nerve
What are the three divisions of the ear?
External, middle, internal
How should the pinna of the ear be pulled when instilling ear drops in infants?
Down and back
Which of the following is a common manifestation of sepsis?
Fever
Which of the following is a common symptom of meningitis?
Nuchal rigidity
Which of the following is a treatment for encephalitis?
Sedatives
Which of the following is a cause of seizures in children?
Trauma
Which of the following is a common cause of most neurological disabilities in childhood?
All of the above
What is a neurologic emergency indicated by the sudden appearance of a fixed and dilated pupil?
Increased ICP
What is Reye's Syndrome characterized by?
Inflammatory encephalopathy and hepatopathy
Which of the following is a symptom of strabismus?
Eye squinting or frowning to focus
At what age does depth perception begin to develop?
9 months
What is the treatment for amblyopia?
Glasses, opaque contact lens, or patching the good eye
What is the common name for inflammation of the conjunctiva?
Pink eye
Which of the following is NOT a sign of Otitis Externa (swimmer's ear)?
Presence of a foreign body
What is the pathophysiology of Acute Otitis Media?
Infection of the middle ear and mastoid
Why are infants more prone to Otitis Media?
Their humoral defense mechanisms are immature
What is the first sign that a hearing impairment may exist in an infant?
Lack of startle reflex
Which diagnostic techniques can be used to determine the type, site, or cause of a seizure?
CT/MRI, EEG
What is the fundamental principle of comprehensive seizure management?
The child must become an active member of the health care team
What conditions can be mistaken for seizures because of the paroxysmal altered level of consciousness (ALOC)?
Benign paroxysmal vertigo, Night terrors, Breath-holding spells
What are some factors that can precipitate cerebral palsy (CP)?
Birth injuries, Congenital anomalies, Neonatal anoxia
What is the key to dealing with a child who is developmentally different?
Providing experiences of success and focusing on strengths
What can constant failure lead to in a child who is developmentally different?
Anger and behavior difficulties
What should be discussed with the family when presenting the findings of a child's assessment?
Both the child's competence and adaptive behaviors along with the deficiencies
What is a concussion?
A temporary disturbance of the brain followed by unconsciousness
True or false: Amblyopia is a condition characterized by constant failure to develop normal vision in one eye.
True
True or false: Barotrauma is a term used to describe cognitive impairment in children.
False
True or false: Encephalopathy refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva.
False
True or false: Epicanthal folds are a common symptom of strabismus.
False
True or false: The ear performs three main functions: hearing, balance, and vision.
False
True or false: The auditory nerve function is fully matured by 5 months of age.
True
True or false: Middle-ear infections are more common in older children and adults.
False
True or false: Tears are absent in infants for the first 2 to 4 weeks of life.
True
Day care attendance can contribute to the risk of upper respiratory infections and OM because of increased exposure to ill children.
True
Chronic OM can lead to cholesteatoma, a cystlike sac filled with keratin debris.
True
Oral amoxicillin is the first-line antimicrobial medication prescribed for OM and is given for 10 days.
True
Surgical intervention may be necessary when medical treatment is unsuccessful, and a myringotomy may be performed to relieve pressure.
True
True or false: Congenital hearing loss in newborns can only result from hereditary factors.
False
True or false: Conductive hearing loss occurs when the hair cells along the cochlea and acoustic nerve are damaged.
False
True or false: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends universal hearing screening at birth or before 3 months of age.
True
True or false: Lack of response to sounds or music is the first sign of hearing impairment in infants.
True
True or false: Low-set ears may be associated with kidney disorders and intellectual or developmental disabilities.
True
True or false: Otitis externa is an acute infection of the external ear canal and is often referred to as swimmer's ear.
True
True or false: Otitis media is an inflammation of the middle ear and can lead to mastoiditis if left untreated.
True
True or false: Infants are more prone to middle ear infections than older children and adults because their eustachian tubes are shorter, wider, and straighter.
True
True or false: Lip reading is not an effective method of communication for hearing-impaired children.
False
True or false: The nurse should position themselves at eye level with the child when speaking to them.
True
True or false: Hearing aids are designed to fit only behind the ear.
False
True or false: Barotrauma can occur during airplane descent and cause painful obstruction of auditory tubes.
True
True or false: Tears can be seen overflowing onto the face when an infant cries at 4 to 5 months of age.
True
True or false: The ability to transfer objects from one hand to another is partially dependent on the ability to see the object.
True
True or false: The development of the ability to crawl is partially dependent on the ability to see an object at a distance.
True
True or false: Depth perception is fully developed by 9 months of age.
False
True or false: Visual depth perception influences a child's ability to walk or run without falling.
True
True or false: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends preschool visual screening between 2 and 3 years of age.
True
Match the following stages of eye development with their corresponding ages:
Eyes begin to develop as an outgrowth of the forebrain in the embryo = 4 weeks Tears are absent in infants = First 2 to 4 weeks of life Infant's eyes are open most of the day = 4 to 5 months Depth perception is fully developed = 9 months
Match the following abilities with their dependencies on vision:
Ability to transfer objects from one hand to another = Partially dependent on the ability to see the object Development of the ability to crawl = Partially dependent on the ability to see an object at a distance and attempt to reach it Child’s ability to run without falling = Influenced by visual depth perception Ability to see an object at a distance = Developed by 9 months of age
Match the following conditions with their associated parts of the ear:
Otitis Externa (swimmer's ear) = External ear canal Acute Otitis Media = Middle ear Barotrauma = Auditory tubes Cholesteatoma = Middle ear, if chronic OM is left untreated
Match the following age groups with their recommended visual screenings:
Newborns = Universal hearing screening at birth or before 3 months of age Children between 2 and 3 years of age = Preschool visual screening Infants = No specific visual screening is mentioned in the text Children with suspected visual impairments = No specific visual screening is mentioned in the text
Match the following symptoms with their associated conditions:
Fixed and dilated pupil = Neurologic emergency Epicanthal folds = Strabismus Lack of response to sounds or music = First sign of hearing impairment in infants Constant failure = Developmental issues in children
By 4 to 5 months their ______ are open most of the day
eyes
The nurse should document this because the ability to transfer objects from one hand to another is partially dependent on the ability to ______ the object
see
The development of the ability to crawl is also partially dependent on the ability to ______ an object at a distance
see
Depth perception is not developed until ______ months of age
9
When the child walks or runs, visual depth perception influences the child’s ability to run without ______
falling
The AAP recommends that all children undergo preschool visual screening during well-child visits between 2 and ______ years of age
3
The ______ is the organ of vision
eye
The anatomy of the eyeball is depicted in ______
Fig. 23.3
The eyes begin to develop as an outgrowth of the forebrain in the 4-week-old ______
embryo
The retinal vessels ______ (develop)
vascularize
Test your knowledge on seizure diagnosis and treatment with this quiz. Learn about the various diagnostic techniques, such as CT/MRI and EEG, used to determine the type, site, or cause of seizures. Explore the importance of laboratory tests in ruling out other conditions and discover the different treatment options available, including the use of anticonvulsant drugs and potential dietary changes.
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