Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What primarily enables short attachment pili to colonize surfaces and resist flushing?

  • Their large numbers in the bacterial population
  • Their structural composition allowing for adhesion (correct)
  • Their longer length compared to conjugation pili
  • Their ability to synthesize proteins effectively

    • Which type of cell division is characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

  • Mitosis and meiosis (correct)
  • Fragmentation
  • Fission
  • Budding

    • What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

  • To produce energy for the cell
  • To provide structural support to organelles
  • To store genetic information
  • To regulate the entry and exit of substances (correct)

    • What differentiates rough endoplasmic reticulum from smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Presence of ribosomes on its surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in prokaryotic cells serves as a permeability barrier?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They lack membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily responsible for the rigidity and shape of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prokaryotic cells primarily reproduce?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a pilus in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>It helps bacteria adhere to surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary genetic material found in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'anaerobic' in the context of prokaryotic metabolism?

    <p>Can survive without oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Stores hereditary information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure within the nucleus is primarily involved in ribosome production?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

    <p>Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nuclear pores contribute to cellular function?

    <p>They regulate entry and exit of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chromatin primarily composed of?

    <p>DNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nucleus is rich in RNA?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the nuclear envelope from other cellular membranes?

    <p>It has nuclear pores for transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs when chromatin condenses?

    <p>Mitosis or meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Manufacture and metabolism of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for processing, packaging, and sorting materials for secretion?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes?

    <p>Digestion and recycling of cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which area of the mitochondria does the Krebs cycle occur?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are vacuoles responsible for in plant cells?

    <p>Storage of organic compounds and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

    <p>Capture of light energy for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do secretory granules primarily secrete?

    <p>Enzymes and signaling molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vacuole is responsible for regulating water balance in freshwater protists?

    <p>Contractile vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of the cytoplasmic inclusions?

    <p>Non-membranous substance with varying functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in mitochondria increases surface area for ATP synthesis?

    <p>Cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do lysosomes undergo to recycle the cell's own organelles?

    <p>Autophagy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored in lipid droplets within adipocytes?

    <p>Fatty acids and sterols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Sets of cisternae and vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Production of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contains a pair of centrioles in animal cells?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential role does dynein play in cilia and flagella?

    <p>Driving bending movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proteins produced by ribosomes differ when they are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum compared to those that are free-floating?

    <p>They are exported outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of centrioles in animal cells?

    <p>Nine triplets of microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the proteins produced by ribosomes that float freely in the cytoplasm?

    <p>They are utilized by the cell internally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main functions of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

    <p>Maintaining cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of granules are abundant in liver cells and play a role in the glucose cycle?

    <p>Glycogen granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes cilia and flagella?

    <p>They have a core of microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do microtubules play in the cell?

    <p>Support and shape maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motor protein is responsible for the bending movements of a cilium?

    <p>Dynein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables the sliding of microtubules in cilia and flagella?

    <p>Cross-linking proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of pigments in cells?

    <p>They possess their own color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the peptidyl transferase site in the large ribosomal subunit do?

    <p>Forms peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotic cells lack a nuclear envelope and membrane-bound organelles; examples include bacterial cells.
    • Eukaryotic cells, typical of protists, plants, fungi, and animals, possess a distinct nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane and have numerous organelles.

    Prokaryotic Cells

    • Organisms include Eubacteria and Archaebacteria; primarily unicellular and vary in size from 0.2 to 5 μm.
    • Absence of a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; cell division occurs via binary fission.
    • Metabolism can be anaerobic or aerobic, with many possessing a cell wall composed mainly of peptidoglycan.

    Structures of Prokaryotic Cells

    • Capsule: Provides protection and helps retain moisture.
    • Cell Wall: Confers rigidity and shape; most have a cell wall.
    • Plasma Membrane: Acts as a permeability barrier.
    • Plasmid: Small DNA molecules that give genetic advantages.
    • Nucleoid: Region containing DNA; lacks a defined nucleus.
    • Cytoplasm: Contains chromosomes, ribosomes, and various inclusions.
    • Ribosomes: Sites for protein synthesis.
    • Flagellum: Facilitates bacterial movement.
    • Pili and Fimbriae: Structures for attachment; pili are longer and fewer than fimbriae.

    Eukaryotic Cells

    • Include organisms like fungi, plants, and animals, which can be unicellular or multicellular.
    • Most have a cell wall (cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi) and are mostly aerobic.
    • Cell division involves mitosis and meiosis, with a structured spindle apparatus.

    Eukaryotic Cell Parts and Functions

    • Cell Membrane: Separates the cell from its environment, regulating substance entry/exit, providing shape and flexibility.
    • Cytoplasm: The largest cell component containing organelles and materials surrounding the nucleus.
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
      • Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes; involved in protein production.
      • Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes; involved in lipid metabolism.
    • Golgi Apparatus: Processes, packages, and sorts secretory materials for cell use or export.
    • Lysosomes: Membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes for digestion of macromolecules and cellular recycling.
    • Vacuoles:
      • Food vacuoles formed by phagocytosis.
      • Contractile vacuoles pump excess water out of cells.
      • Central vacuoles store organic compounds and water in plant cells.
    • Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, involved in ATP synthesis; contain inner membrane folded into cristae.
    • Chloroplasts: In plant cells, site of photosynthesis; contains thylakoids and stroma.
    • Secretory Granules: Store and secrete substances like enzymes and proteins.
    • Lipid Droplets: Store fatty acids and sterols in adipocytes.
    • Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Non-membranous structures serving various functions, including ribosomes and glycogen granules.

    Cellular Organelles

    • Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, found free in the cytoplasm or attached to ER.
    • Centrosomes and Centrioles: Microtubule-organizing centers; centrioles assist in cell division.
    • Cilia and Flagella: Hair-like structures controlling cell movement, differing in beating patterns.
    • Cytoskeleton: Maintains cell shape, organizes organelles, and aids in movement.

    Nucleus

    • Central organelle in eukaryotic cells containing genetic material; site of nucleic acid synthesis.
    • Chromatin composed of DNA and proteins, forms chromosomes during cell division.
    • Nuclear Envelope: Double membrane with pores regulating molecule traffic.
    • Nucleolus: Produces ribosomal subunits, rich in RNA, responsible for synthesizing proteins.

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    Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell Structure PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz covers cell structures, characteristics, and examples of each type. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular biology.

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