Questions and Answers
How is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing used in forensic science?
An unknown mtDNA sample is matched to a sample of mtDNA that was found at a crime scene.
Which cell structure serves the stated function in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm: protects cell structures.
A chemical has been found to harm the same components in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which components are those?
DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?
Signup and view all the answers
In which specimen were cells first identified?
Signup and view all the answers
Based on the endosymbiotic theory, what cell would result from the endosymbiosis of a cell with a cyanobacterium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is most likely to apply to a cell that has DNA within its cytoplasm?
Signup and view all the answers
The endosymbiotic theory states that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved as a result of what?
Signup and view all the answers
What is shown in the image? (Image by Wenche Eikrem and Jahn Throndsen)
Signup and view all the answers
The endosymbiotic theory helps to explain the origin of which structures?
Signup and view all the answers
Why would removing the nucleus from a cell fail to produce a new prokaryotic cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organisms are prokaryotes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is shown in the image? (Image by Yutaka Tsutsumi, M.D.)
Signup and view all the answers
What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which trait of chloroplasts supports the endosymbiotic theory?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Forensic Science
- mtDNA typing matches unknown samples to those found at crime scenes.
- Useful in tracing maternal lineage due to its inheritance pattern.
Cell Structures in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Cytoplasm serves to protect cell structures in both types of cells.
Shared Components Affected by Chemicals
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share vulnerable components: DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
Characteristics of Mitochondrial DNA
- Mitochondrial DNA can be traced back through generations, aiding in genealogical studies.
Historical Discovery of Cells
- Cells were first identified in cork bark, marking the discovery of cellular biology.
Endosymbiotic Theory
- Proposes that eukaryotic cells can originate from prokaryotic cells engulfing bacteria.
- Resulting eukaryotic cells from cyanobacterial endosymbiosis can perform photosynthesis.
DNA Location and Cellular Function
- Cells with DNA in the cytoplasm perform all necessary functions for the organism's survival.
Evolution of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
- Endosymbiotic theory explains the evolution of chloroplasts and mitochondria through engulfment of bacterial cells.
Identification of Cell Types
- Eukaryotic cells are distinctly identified and differ from prokaryotic cells.
Genetic Material in Cells
- Removing the nucleus from a cell does not result in a prokaryotic cell due to the absence of genetic information.
Prokaryotic Organisms
- Archaea are classified as prokaryotic organisms, existing in various extreme environments.
Fundamental Unit of Life
- The cell is recognized as the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
Supporting Evidence for Chloroplast Origin
- Chloroplasts contain their own DNA, which supports the endosymbiotic theory regarding their origin.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells with these flashcards. Learn about mitochondrial DNA in forensics and key cell structures that function similarly in both cell types. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding.
