Questions and Answers
work of plasmodesmata?
What is the main purpose of a work of fiction?
What is the primary function of mesosomes in prokaryotic cells?
What is a polyribosome?
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What is one characteristic of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic shapes of bacteria?
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What type of organism is represented by mycoplasma?
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How do prokaryotic cells generally differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of reproduction?
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Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?
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What is the primary role of plasmids in bacteria?
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Which statement accurately describes the genetic material in prokaryotes?
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What unique feature do prokaryotic cells possess that is not found in eukaryotic cells?
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What distinguishes mycoplasma from other prokaryotes?
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Which of the following is true about the ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Prokaryotic Cells Overview
- Prokaryotic cells include bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma, and PPLO (Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms).
- Generally, they are smaller than eukaryotic cells and have a higher multiplication rate.
Shapes of Prokaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells display significant variation in shape and size.
- Key bacterial shapes include:
- Bacillus: rod-shaped
- Coccus: spherical
- Vibrio: comma-shaped
- Spirillum: spiral-shaped
Cellular Organization
- Prokaryotic cells share a fundamentally similar organization despite their diverse forms.
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
- Cell wall surrounds the cell membrane, absent in mycoplasma.
- Cytoplasm is the fluid matrix filling the cell.
- Lacks a well-defined nucleus; genetic material is not enveloped by a nuclear membrane.
- Genomic DNA is typically a single circular chromosome.
- Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules found outside of the genomic DNA, often conferring unique traits.
Genetic Characteristics
- Plasmids can provide antibiotic resistance and other phenotypic traits.
- Used in biotechnology for monitoring bacterial transformation with foreign DNA.
Comparison with Eukaryotes
- Eukaryotic cells possess a nuclear membrane; prokaryotic cells do not.
- Organelles typical of eukaryotes are absent in prokaryotic cells, with ribosomes being the only notable exception.
Unique Features of Prokaryotes
- Inclusion bodies present in prokaryotic cells serve various functions.
- Mesosome is a specialized, differentiated form of the cell membrane, characterized by infoldings.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of prokaryotic cells, including bacteria and blue-green algae. This quiz covers their characteristics, reproduction, and diverse shapes. Test your knowledge on the fundamental similarities and variations within these microscopic organisms.