Prokaryotic Cells Overview

Questions and Answers

work of plasmodesmata?

connects the neighbouring cell (correct)

helps in osmosis

helps in dna replication

incresws the surface area of the plasma membrane

What is the main purpose of a work of fiction?

To entertain the reader (correct)

To provide factual information

To promote an ideology

To document history

What is the primary function of mesosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Cell division (correct)

Respiration

DNA replication

Protein synthesis

What is a polyribosome?

A structure consisting of multiple ribosomes on a single mRNA strand Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

They are simpler in structure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic shapes of bacteria?

Helix Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism is represented by mycoplasma?

Prokaryotic cell Signup and view all the answers

How do prokaryotic cells generally differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of reproduction?

Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?

They can vary significantly in size. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of plasmids in bacteria?

They confer unique phenotypic characteristics, such as antibiotic resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the genetic material in prokaryotes?

It is typically a single circular DNA molecule without a nuclear membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature do prokaryotic cells possess that is not found in eukaryotic cells?

Inclusions and mesosomes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mycoplasma from other prokaryotes?

Mycoplasma lack a cell wall entirely. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells?

They are smaller than those in eukaryotic cells. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prokaryotic Cells Overview

Prokaryotic cells include bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma, and PPLO (Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms).
Generally, they are smaller than eukaryotic cells and have a higher multiplication rate.

Shapes of Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells display significant variation in shape and size.
Key bacterial shapes include:
- Bacillus: rod-shaped
- Coccus: spherical
- Vibrio: comma-shaped
- Spirillum: spiral-shaped

Cellular Organization

Prokaryotic cells share a fundamentally similar organization despite their diverse forms.

Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Cell wall surrounds the cell membrane, absent in mycoplasma.
Cytoplasm is the fluid matrix filling the cell.
Lacks a well-defined nucleus; genetic material is not enveloped by a nuclear membrane.
Genomic DNA is typically a single circular chromosome.
Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules found outside of the genomic DNA, often conferring unique traits.

Genetic Characteristics

Plasmids can provide antibiotic resistance and other phenotypic traits.
Used in biotechnology for monitoring bacterial transformation with foreign DNA.

Comparison with Eukaryotes

Eukaryotic cells possess a nuclear membrane; prokaryotic cells do not.
Organelles typical of eukaryotes are absent in prokaryotic cells, with ribosomes being the only notable exception.

Unique Features of Prokaryotes

Inclusion bodies present in prokaryotic cells serve various functions.
Mesosome is a specialized, differentiated form of the cell membrane, characterized by infoldings.

Description

Explore the fascinating world of prokaryotic cells, including bacteria and blue-green algae. This quiz covers their characteristics, reproduction, and diverse shapes. Test your knowledge on the fundamental similarities and variations within these microscopic organisms.