Prokaryotic Cells Overview

Prokaryotic Cells

• Characterized by the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
• Typically unicellular organisms.
• Examples include bacteria and archaea.

Bacteria/Bacterium

• Most ubiquitous and smallest known cells.
• Found in diverse environments, including soil, water, and within other living organisms.
• Possess a cell wall primarily made of peptidoglycan.

Archaea/Archaeon

• Thrive in extreme environments, classified as extremophiles.
• Their cell wall consists of polysaccharides.
• Examples of extremophiles include:
  • Cryophiles: Adapted to cold habitats.
  • Halophiles: Survive in high-salinity environments.
  • Thermophiles: Endure high-temperature conditions.

Eukaryotic Cells

• Generally larger than prokaryotic cells, roughly ten times bigger than bacteria cells.
• Can be unicellular or multicellular organisms.
• Contain a nucleus that encases their DNA.
• Have various membrane-bound organelles, allowing for compartmentalization of cellular functions.