6 Questions
What is the smallest cell known?
Mycoplasmas
Which type of basic bacterial shape is rod-like?
Bacillus
What unique properties do plasmids confer to bacteria?
Genetic material transfer
Which of the following is the longest cell?
Nerve cell
What is the size range of bacteria?
3 to 5 mm
Which component is not found in prokaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Study Notes
Cell Sizes and Types
- Smallest cell: Mycoplasmas, measuring 0.3 mm
- Largest isolated single cell: Egg of ostrich
- Longest cell: Nerve cell
- Size of bacteria: 3 to 5 mm
- Human RBCs: 7.0 mm in diameter
Prokaryotic Cells
- Include bacteria and blue-green algae
- Characterized by being smaller and multiplying more rapidly than eukaryotes
- Basic shapes of bacteria: Bacillus (rod-like), Coccus (spherical), Vibrio (comma-shaped), Spirillum (spiral)
- Have cell wall surrounding cell membrane (except Mycoplasma)
- Lack a well-defined nucleus
- Genetic material is naked, not enclosed by a nuclear membrane
- Many bacteria have small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA, called plasmids
Plasmids
- Confer unique properties to bacteria
- Used to transfer genetic material
- Store genetic material
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
- Consists of plasma membrane, cell wall, and capsule (in some bacteria)
- No organelles like those present in eukaryotes, except for ribosomes
- All reactions occur within the cytoplasm
This quiz covers the characteristics and types of prokaryotic cells, including their size, shape, and multiplication rates. It also explores the different types of bacteria and their characteristics.
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