The Molecules of Cells until page 60 actually starts from page 45 but I took from page 1-60 - Text base question and answer

The spontaneous formation of organic molecules.

The ability to replicate itself.

Nucleic acids.

<p>RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employing DNA as genetic material, being surrounded by plasma membranes, and using the same basic mechanisms for energy metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental similarities between different types of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life first emerged through the spontaneous formation and polymerization of simple organic molecules in primitive Earth's atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are amphipathic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instruction manuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enclose self-replicating RNA and associated molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 to 10 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rod-shaped with a rigid cell wall and a plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mitochondria and chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the processing and transport of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in the synthesis of lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some common organelles found in both animal and plant cells include the nucleus, cytoskeleton, and Golgi apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some organelles unique to plant cells include the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus functions in further processing and sorting of proteins, as well as lipid synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins are transported within small membrane vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis is the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to lactic acid. It is important for cells because it provides a mechanism for converting the energy in glucose to ATP, which can then be used as a source of energy for other metabolic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The next major evolutionary step is the development of photosynthesis, which allows cells to harness energy from sunlight and become independent of preformed organic molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis utilizes energy from sunlight to convert CO2 to organic molecules and release O2 as a by-product. This process is thought to have made O2 abundant in Earth's atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidative metabolism, which involves the complete breakdown of glucose to CO2 and H2O, yields much more energy than glycolysis. The complete breakdown of glucose produces 36 to 38 molecules of ATP, compared to the 2 molecules of ATP produced by glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genome editing and development of new drugs targeted to interfere with the growth of cancer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replace damaged tissues and treat patients suffering from conditions like diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and spinal cord injuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it is a rapidly growing field of research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand cell biology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spontaneous formation of organic molecules, demonstrating the possibility of life arising from non-living matter.

The ability of a molecule to make copies of itself.

The class of informational macromolecules that can self-replicate, carrying genetic instructions.

The first genetic system likely based on RNA, capable of both carrying genetic information and catalyzing reactions.

Cells lacking a true nucleus, simpler in structure, including bacteria and archaea.

Cells with a well-defined nucleus and internal compartments, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

All cells use DNA as genetic material, have a plasma membrane, and share basic energy metabolism mechanisms.

The unifying theme in cell biology, emphasizing the common principles and processes across all cells.

The spontaneous formation and polymerization of simple organic molecules in the primitive Earth's atmosphere, giving rise to the first life.

The process that translates an RNA sequence into a specific amino acid sequence, building proteins.

Molecules with both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) regions, crucial for membrane formation.

The cell's control center, containing genetic information in DNA.

The phospholipid membrane enclosing the first cell, creating a boundary between the inside and outside.

Spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral, describing the three basic shapes of prokaryotic cells.

The small size range of prokaryotic cells, typically 1 to 10 micrometers in diameter.

A typical bacterial cell structure, featuring a rigid cell wall and a plasma membrane.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts, essential organelles in eukaryotes involved in energy metabolism.

The site of protein processing and transport, studded with ribosomes.

The site of lipid synthesis and detoxification, lacking ribosomes.

Common organelles found in both animal and plant cells, including the nucleus, cytoskeleton, and Golgi apparatus.

Organelles unique to plant cells, including the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles.

The processing and sorting center for proteins and lipids, further modifying and packaging them.

Using small membrane vesicles, proteins are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose to lactic acid, generating ATP for energy.

The evolution of photosynthesis, allowing cells to harness energy from sunlight and become independent of organic molecules.

The process of complete glucose breakdown to CO2 and H2O, yielding more ATP than glycolysis.

Genome editing and the development of targeted drugs to interfere with cancer cell growth.

Potential uses of stem cells to replace damaged tissues and treat diseases like diabetes and Parkinson's.

Understanding the experimental basis and current knowledge in cell and molecular biology is crucial due to the rapidly evolving field.

Appreciating similarities and differences between cells is essential for understanding their diverse functions and behaviors.