The Molecules of Cells until page 60 actually starts from page 45 but I took from page 1-60 - Text base question and answer

The spontaneous formation of organic molecules, demonstrating the possibility of life arising from non-living matter.

The ability of a molecule to make copies of itself.

The class of informational macromolecules that can self-replicate, carrying genetic instructions.

The first genetic system likely based on RNA, capable of both carrying genetic information and catalyzing reactions.

Cells lacking a true nucleus, simpler in structure, including bacteria and archaea.

Cells with a well-defined nucleus and internal compartments, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

All cells use DNA as genetic material, have a plasma membrane, and share basic energy metabolism mechanisms.

The unifying theme in cell biology, emphasizing the common principles and processes across all cells.

The spontaneous formation and polymerization of simple organic molecules in the primitive Earth's atmosphere, giving rise to the first life.

The process that translates an RNA sequence into a specific amino acid sequence, building proteins.

Molecules with both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) regions, crucial for membrane formation.

The cell's control center, containing genetic information in DNA.

The phospholipid membrane enclosing the first cell, creating a boundary between the inside and outside.

Spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral, describing the three basic shapes of prokaryotic cells.

The small size range of prokaryotic cells, typically 1 to 10 micrometers in diameter.

A typical bacterial cell structure, featuring a rigid cell wall and a plasma membrane.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts, essential organelles in eukaryotes involved in energy metabolism.

The site of protein processing and transport, studded with ribosomes.

The site of lipid synthesis and detoxification, lacking ribosomes.

Common organelles found in both animal and plant cells, including the nucleus, cytoskeleton, and Golgi apparatus.

Organelles unique to plant cells, including the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles.

The processing and sorting center for proteins and lipids, further modifying and packaging them.

Using small membrane vesicles, proteins are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose to lactic acid, generating ATP for energy.

The evolution of photosynthesis, allowing cells to harness energy from sunlight and become independent of organic molecules.

The process of complete glucose breakdown to CO2 and H2O, yielding more ATP than glycolysis.

Genome editing and the development of targeted drugs to interfere with cancer cell growth.

Potential uses of stem cells to replace damaged tissues and treat diseases like diabetes and Parkinson's.

Understanding the experimental basis and current knowledge in cell and molecular biology is crucial due to the rapidly evolving field.

Appreciating similarities and differences between cells is essential for understanding their diverse functions and behaviors.