30 Questions
What is the meaning of the term 'Microbiology'?
The study of tiny life forms that are not easily observed without magnification
Which term refers to minute living things that are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye?
Microorganisms
What does the abbreviation 'ASF' stand for in the context of microbiology?
African Swine Fever
Who is credited with proposing the first cell theory in 1663?
Robert Hooke
Which scientist is associated with the concept of 'Spontaneous Generation'?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What is the major component of plant cell walls that ruminants lack enzymes to break down?
Cellulose
What did Carolus Von Linnaeus contribute to microbiology?
Developing binomial nomenclature for organisms
What specialized chamber in the digestive tract of ruminants is essential for cellulose digestion?
Rumen
What is the main role of the dense and diverse community of microorganisms in the rumen of ruminants?
Digest cellulose
Why do ruminants rely on symbiotic microorganisms in their rumen for digestion?
To detoxify plant toxins
Unlike ruminants, what do humans rely on the gut microbiome for in terms of nutrition?
Breaking down complex carbohydrates
Where in the human digestive tract are there approximately 1011 microbial cells per gram of colonic contents?
Colon
What percentage of cultivated bacteria belong to one of the four phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes?
90%
How many described phyla does the domain Archaea consist of?
Five
What type of cell structure do Archaea have?
Prokaryotic
Where did the first isolates of Archaea come from?
Hot, salty, or acidic sites
What are small circles of DNA distinct from the chromosome in prokaryotic cells called?
Plasmids
How many major phylogenetic lineages (phyla) have at least one species that has been grown in culture among the Bacteria?
30
What do environmental DNA sequences provide evidence for regarding bacterial phyla?
Existence of at least 80 bacterial phyla
How many genes are typically encoded in the genomes of Bacteria and Archaea?
500 - 10,000
What is the approximate number of base pairs in the DNA of a human cell?
3 billion
Which cellular activity culminates in the division of the cell to form two cells?
Synthesis of new structures
What proteins carry out reactions that supply energy and perform biosynthesis within microbial cells?
Enzymes
In what sequential processes are enzymes and other proteins synthesized within a cell?
Transcription and translation
What is the full set of genes in a cell called?
Genome
In which type of cells is DNA present within a membrane-enclosed nucleus?
Eukaryotic cells
What encodes a protein or an RNA molecule?
Gene
Which cells have typically closed circular chromosomes?
Prokaryotic cells
What is the mass formed by the aggregation of chromosomes within a prokaryotic cell?
Nucleoid
How are the genomes of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells organized differently?
Prokaryotic cells have circular chromosomes, while eukaryotic cells have linear chromosomes.
Explore the genetic characteristics of prokaryotic cells, including their single chromosome, plasmids, and compact genomes. Learn about the unique properties conferred by plasmids and the typical size and gene content of bacterial and archaeal genomes.
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