Prokaryotic Cell Components Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

  • Facilitate movement within the cell
  • Synthesize proteins (correct)
  • Store genetic material
  • Maintain cell shape
  • Which organelle is described as a 'nano-machine' for protein synthesis?

  • Ribosomes (correct)
  • Plasma membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • What is the primary function of a plasmid in prokaryotic cells?

  • Provide energy for the cell
  • Synthesize proteins
  • Facilitate cell division
  • Carry non-essential properties like antibiotic resistance (correct)
  • Which region of the cell is described as containing the primary DNA and being the main center for DNA transcription and replication?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Contain other organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a prokaryotic cell allows for the attachment to animal or plant tissues?

    <p>Pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell wall?

    <p>Help maintain the shape of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes primarily located in the cell to produce proteins?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for producing lipids for membrane formation?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of filaments are the smallest in the cytoskeleton and made of actin protein?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the centrosome in a cell?

    <p>Main microtubule organizing center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein forms microtubules, the largest filaments in the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Tubulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Regulating the traffic of substances in and out of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is embedded in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of cytoplasm?

    <p>Water, proteins, lipids, minerals, and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasmid in a cell?

    <p>Serving as an extra-chromosomal DNA for genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cell is derived from the Greek word 'karyon' meaning 'before the nucleus'?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer responsible for protecting bacteria from dryness and helping it attach to other organisms called?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryotic Cells

    • Have a lot of ribosomes, which translate genetic code into proteins
    • Contain plasmid DNA, which carries non-essential properties like antibiotic resistance
    • Have a nucleoid, a thin, transparent region that contains primary DNA, where DNA transcription and replication occur
    • Have pili (pilus), fine, hair-shaped structures that facilitate genetic material exchange during mating and attachment to animal/plant tissues
    • Have flagella, whip-like structures that enable cell movement

    Eukaryotic Cells

    • More complex than prokaryotes
    • Characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus
    • Include animal, plant, fungal, and algal cells
    • Contain membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum

    Nucleus

    • The "brain" of the cell, holding most of the cell's genetic material
    • Organized into chromosomes within the nucleus
    • Surrounded by a bilayer nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope) with nuclear pores
    • Houses the nucleolus, the largest structure in the nucleus

    Cytoplasm

    • Gel-like substance containing membrane-bound organelles
    • Composed of water, dissolved substances, and structural proteins
    • Makes up about 70% of the cell's volume

    Plasma Membrane

    • Major component: a phospholipid bilayer
    • Regulates substance traffic in and out of cells

    Cytoskeleton

    • Provides cellular support and shape maintenance
    • Composed of microtubules (largest filaments), intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
    • Made of proteins like tubulin, keratin, and actin

    Centrosome

    • Functions as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC)
    • Plays a crucial role in mitosis, and defects are linked to cell growth diseases like cancer
    • Found only in animal cells

    Cell Wall

    • Rigid structure maintaining the cell's shape
    • Generally made of polysaccharides and structural proteins for support

    Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • The manufacturer, producing substances for cell growth
    • Consists of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
    • RER has ribosomes, which produce proteins, while SER helps produce lipids

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key components of prokaryotic cells such as ribosomes, plasmids, and nucleoid. Learn about the functions and characteristics of these structures in protein synthesis, genetic properties, and DNA organization.

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