30 Questions
What is the initial step in bacterial cytokinesis?
Distribution of FtsZ throughout the cytoplasm
Which protein forms a ring on the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane during bacterial cytokinesis?
FtsZ
When does the FtsZ ring contract during bacterial cytokinesis?
After DNA replication
What does the theta structure represent in prokaryotic DNA replication?
Bidirectional replication
Why can some rapidly growing bacterial cells end up without DNA?
The DNA replication time is shorter than the cell cycle time
What induces FtsZ filamentation in bacterial cytokinesis?
Cell-cycle cue
Which organelle is responsible for the nucleation of both nuclear and cytoplasmic microtubules in budding yeast?
Spindle pole body (SPB)
In which type of organisms does the nuclear envelope remain intact throughout mitosis?
Unicellular organisms
What is the main role of Golgi-derived vesicles in cell division?
Transport of cell wall material
Which term describes the early embryonic cycles that involve division without growth?
Cycles without growth
What is the characteristic difference between the cell division of somatic cells and early embryonic cycles?
Division with growth
Why does the nuclear envelope need to break down in open mitosis?
To allow spindle access to chromosomes
What is the role of cohesin in the cell cycle?
Prevents separation of sister chromatids
Which structure is responsible for encircling loops of DNA and compressing sister chromatids during chromosome condensation?
Condensin
Why is it crucial for the nuclear membrane to breakdown early in mitosis?
To allow the spindle to access the chromosomes
Which event marks the beginning of mitosis?
Chromosome condensation
What is the main function of the kinetochore during mitosis?
Attaches to the centromere of chromosomes
How does condensin contribute to chromosome structure during cell division?
Encircles DNA loops and compresses sister chromatids
What is the process known as when DNA replication is initiated before completion of the previous round?
Multifork replication
Why is multifork replication essential in ensuring successful completion of at least one round of replication before cytokinesis?
To ensure faithful segregation of chromosomes
Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle involves growth, doubling the mass of organelles, and synthesis of enzymes for DNA replication?
G1 phase
What happens in the G0 phase of the cell cycle?
Terminally differentiated cells never divide again
Why is it crucial for liver cells to exit G0 and enter the cell cycle when new liver cells are needed?
To ensure the liver can regenerate when damaged
Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle involves chromosome duplication?
S phase
What must mother cells do to ensure asymmetric cell division?
Segregate cell fate determinants and position the plane of division
What is a characteristic of stem cell division in relation to niche cells?
Blocks differentiation but allows cell division
What is a key feature of density-dependent inhibition in cell division?
Inhibits cell division once cells contact each other
What is the role of P granule segregation in the development of Caenorhabditis elegans?
Drives formation of germ cells through RNA-protein complex
How many cells are there in an adult hermaphrodite of Caenorhabditis elegans?
959
What is an essential requirement for many animal cells to divide, according to the text?
Attachment to a substratum
Explore the key steps involved in prokaryotic cell division, including the replication of DNA with a single origin of replication (ori) and cytokinesis facilitated by the formation of a protein ring. Test your understanding of the theta structure formation and the role of FtsZ protein in cell separation.
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