Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Overview

Prokaryotic cells

The number of times larger an image is compared with the real size of the object

Robert Hooke

<p>Anton van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to distinguish between objects that are close together</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production, aerobic respiration takes place here.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One million</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Image size/actual size</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is selectively permeable and regulates the transport of materials into and out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thick, gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid, which maintains cell shape and stores chemicals for metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Network of membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae studded with ribosomes. Protein synthesis takes place on the ribosomes and the newly synthesised proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organelle containing digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Form spindle fibers during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rigid structure of a plant cell, that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. Forming a sieve-like network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane-bound sac in a plant cell that buds in cytoplasm that contains cell sap. The cells framework.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microscopic channels which cross the cell walls of plant cells to enable transport and communication between cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pores that allow water movement through cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deoxyribonucleic acid, the hereditary material in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slippery layer outside the cell wall of some species of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An irregularly shaped region in prokaryotic cells that holds nuclear material without a nuclear membrane and where the genetic material is localised. The DNA forms one circular chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small loops of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The way in which nitrogenous bases in DNA pair with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of bacterial cell walls. Gram positive = purple stain and gram negative = pink stain as the cell wall is thinner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure that a fluid exerts against a structure that contains it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Layer of tall, column-shaped mesophyll cells just under the upper epidermis of a leaf. The chloroplasts are able to absorb a large about of light for photosynthesis as they are able to move around in the cytoplasm. These cells are closely packed together to form a continuous layer to help protect the cell and keep it rigid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This is the cell in the root that absorbs nutrients from the soil. It has a large surface area and contains cell sap with a low water potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The likelihood of water molecules to diffuse into or out of solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Male gametes. Contains an acrosomes, head, neck, middle piece, mitochondrion, undulipodium and plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains digestive enzymes that are released when the sperm meets the egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outer protective layer of the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supplies proteins needed by the fertilised egg cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biconcave shape to increase surface area. Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells. They are flexible so that they can squeeze through narrow blood capillaries. They have no nucleus to increase space for the haemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein molecule in the blood responsible for carrying oxygen around the body and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers