Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Overview

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

Lipid metabolism

Protein synthesis

Calcium storage

Energy production (correct)

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis.

False

What type of enzymes do lysosomes contain?

Hydrolytic enzymes

The plasma membrane is composed primarily of __________.

phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular structures with their functions:

Endoplasmic Reticulum = Calcium storage and lipid metabolism Mitochondria = Energy production Lysosomes = Digestion of biomolecules Plasma Membrane = Barrier and communication with the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is classified as a prokaryote?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

All eukaryotic cells contain a cell wall.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

To synthesize proteins Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotic cells do not have a __________.

nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Where is the DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?

Scattered in the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components to their respective cell types:

Cell Wall = Prokaryotic cell Mitochondria = Eukaryotic cell Nucleus = Eukaryotic cell Nucleoid = Prokaryotic cell Signup and view all the answers

Respiration in prokaryotes occurs through mitochondria.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the prokaryotic cell wall?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of flagella in prokaryotic cells?

Locomotion Signup and view all the answers

Fimbriae are primarily used for locomotion in prokaryotic cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

It separates the cell from the outside environment and regulates the exchange of substances. Signup and view all the answers

The region in the cytoplasm where chromosomal DNA is present is called the ______.

Nucleoid Region Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures to their functions:

Ribosomes = Protein synthesis Peptidoglycan = Structural support for prokaryotes Golgi Apparatus = Formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids Cell Wall = Provides shape and support to plant cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of pili in prokaryotic cells?

Locomotion Signup and view all the answers

Identify one main component present in the cell wall of plant cells.

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic cells are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotes are organisms, single-celled or multicellular, possessing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotes are typically smaller (0.1-5 µm) than eukaryotes (10-100 µm).
Prokaryotic DNA is circular and located in a nucleoid region.
Eukaryotic DNA is linear and located within a nucleus.

Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Cell Wall: The outermost layer, providing shape and protection (peptidoglycan).
Plasma Membrane: Encloses the cell, regulating substance passage.
Nucleoid: Region containing chromosomal DNA.
Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
Capsule: Outer protective layer, aiding attachment and preventing dehydration.
Fimbriae: Hair-like structures aiding attachment.
Flagella: Whip-like structures aiding cell movement.
Pili: Hair-like structures (often involved in DNA transfer, reproduction).
Mesosomes: Invaginations of the plasma membrane.
Plasmids: Non-chromosomal DNA structures.

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Nucleus: Houses the genetic material (DNA).
Plasma membrane: Encloses the cell.
Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranes.
- Rough ER: Ribosomes attached, involved in protein synthesis.
- Smooth ER: No ribosomes, roles in lipid synthesis.
Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
Mitochondria: Double-membrane organelle generating energy (ATP) via cellular respiration.
Cytoskeleton: Network of protein fibres, provides shape and facilitates movement.
Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes.

DNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic DNA: Circular, single chromosome, located in the nucleoid region; not bound by histones proteins.
Eukaryotic DNA: Linear, multiple chromosomes, located in the nucleus, wound around histone proteins.

Cellular Reproduction

Prokaryotes: Binary Fission (simple cell division, producing two identical daughter cells).
Eukaryotes: Mitosis and Meiosis (complex processes leading to cell division).
- Mitosis: Asexual, producing two identical daughter cells.
- Meiosis: Sexual reproduction, producing gametes (sperm or egg), reducing the chromosome number by half.

Respiration

Prokaryotes: Respiration occurs through the plasma membrane.
Eukaryotes: Respiration mainly occurs within mitochondria.

Other Key Differences

Organelles: Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles, eukaryotes possess them.
Ribosomes: Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller (70S) than eukaryotic ribosomes (80S)
Cell wall: Many prokaryotes have a cell wall (peptidoglycan). Plant cells have a cell wall (cellulose).
Genetic material structure: Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome; eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes.
Chromosome complexity: Prokaryotic DNA is simple; eukaryotic DNA is complex and associated with proteins.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in this quiz. Learn about their structures, functions, and DNA organization. Discover how these two cell types contribute to the diversity of life.