Bio: chapter 27

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What is the characteristic of a prokaryote's chromosome?

It is linear and lacks a membrane

It is circular and lacks a membrane (correct)

It is circular and has a membrane

It is linear and has a membrane

What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotes?

They carry the majority of the genetic material

They are responsible for cell division

They carry a few genes and replicate independently (correct)

They are involved in genetic recombination

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

By binary fission (correct)

By producing gametes

By forming spores

By meiosis

What is the result of rapid reproduction in prokaryotes?

More genetic diversity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of combining DNA from two sources in prokaryotes?

Genetic recombination (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do mutations contribute to genetic diversity in prokaryotes?

They accumulate rapidly with short generation times and large populations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of prokaryotes' ability to produce a new generation rapidly?

They can outcompete other organisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the F factor in bacterial conjugation?

To produce pili necessary for DNA transfer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an F+ cell transferring an entire F plasmid to an F– cell?

The recipient cell becomes an F+ cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cells that have the F factor integrated into their chromosome?

Hfr cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

During conjugation, what structure temporarily forms between the donor and recipient cells?

Mating bridge (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an F+ cell transferring only part of the F plasmid to an F– cell?

The recipient cell becomes a recombinant (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pilus in conjugation?

To attach to the recipient cell and pull the cells together (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

To break down dead organisms and waste, releasing carbon (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of prokaryotes convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms available to other organisms?

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which homologous segments of chromosomal DNA are exchanged between cells?

Recombination (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an organism that harms its host but does not usually kill it?

Parasite (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of bacterial species present in the human intestines?

500-1,000 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an ecological relationship in which two species live in close contact, with one species being a larger host and the other being a smaller symbiont?

Symbiosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of autotrophic prokaryotes to other organisms?

They convert CO2 into sugars and O2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an organism that benefits from another organism without harming or helping it?

Commensal (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that mutualist intestinal bacteria benefit humans?

By synthesizing carbohydrates, vitamins, and other important nutrients (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is NOT produced with the help of bacteria?

Bread (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is bioremediation?

The use of organisms to remove pollutants from soil, air, or water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of human diseases are caused by bacteria?

About half (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that bacteria can be used to produce energy?

By fermenting agricultural waste (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of having mutualist intestinal bacteria?

They activate genes involved in absorption and antimicrobial production (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are all known pathogenic prokaryotes?

Bacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Lyme disease?

Vector-borne transmission through ticks or fleas (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between exotoxins and endotoxins?

Exotoxins are proteins, while endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of horizontal gene transfer in E. coli?

It increases the pathogenicity of E. coli (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of people infected with Lyme disease per year in the United States?

300,000 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between pathogens and non-pathogens?

Pathogens cause disease, while non-pathogens do not (A) Signup and view all the answers