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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of facilities planning?
List two disciplines involved in a facility planning project.
Civil Engineers, Mechanical Engineers
Employee morale does not impact operating costs.
False
Facilities Planning can be applied to the planning of a new hospital, an existing warehouse, a production plant, a retail store, a dormitory, a bank, and ______.
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What is Project Management?
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What are the two methods used for network planning in Project Management?
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In Project Management, what is the critical path?
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Match the following project tasks with their descriptions:
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Crashing in Project Management refers to reducing the time necessary to complete a project by adding resources.
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What is Facility Planning?
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What is the size requirement for the restroom per toilet, washbasin, and entryway?
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What is the size requirement for urinals?
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What type of facility provides special meal choices for employees?
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Health facilities are an essential component for companies.
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Aisles must be sized for movement of people, equipment, and material, with two-way fork truck traffic requiring aisles to be ___ feet wide for safety.
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In smaller plants, how is first aid usually handled?
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When a plant approaches 500 people, a registered nurse is usually justified, requiring a ___ square foot area.
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What should be provided if the lunchroom is too far away from groups of employees?
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Study Notes
Project Management
- Project Management is the process of planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals.
- The objectives of project management include:
- Learning the concept of project management
- Illustrating a project network using a given situation
- Developing an activity schedule for the project
- Determining the expected completion time of the project
Network Planning Methods
- There are two types of network planning methods:
- Critical Path Method (CPM)
- Program/Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Steps in Managing a Project with Network Planning Methods
- Describing the project
- Diagramming the network
- Estimating the time of completion
- Monitoring project progress
Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
- PERT is a network technique designed for project planning and scheduling that uses probabilistic activity times.
- There are two types of PERT:
- Stochastic PERT (uses probabilistic activity times)
- Deterministic PERT (uses known activity times)
Three Estimates of Activity Time
- Optimistic Time (a): the minimum time required to complete an activity
- Most Probable Time (m): the most likely time required to complete an activity
- Pessimistic Time (b): the maximum time required to complete an activity
Critical Path
- The critical path is the longest path through the project network
- It is composed of activities with zero slack time
Crashing a Project
- Crashing a project involves reducing the time necessary to complete a project by adding resources
- Crashing an activity refers to taking special measures to minimize the activity time
- The minimum possible duration for an activity is known as the crash duration
Facility Planning
- Facility planning is concerned with the design, layout, and accommodation of people, machines, and activities of a system or enterprise within a physical spatial environment.
- The objectives of facility planning include:
- Defining what facility planning is
- Identifying the importance of facility planning
- Analyzing the objective, application, and significance of facility planning
- Applying the facility planning process
Applications of Facility Planning
- Facility planning can be applied to planning of:
- A new hospital
- An assembly department
- An existing warehouse
- The baggage department in an airport
- A production plant
- A retail store
- A dormitory
- A bank
- An office
- A cinema
- A parking lot
- Or any portion of these activities
Facility Planning Process
- Define the problem
- Analyze the problem
- Determine the space requirements for all activities
- Evaluate the alternatives
- Select the preferred design
- Implement the design
- Maintain and adapt the plan
Role of Industrial Engineers in Facility Planning
- Industrial Engineers possess skills and analytical tools for determining site selection, space requirements, flow/activity analysis, and space/function relationship programming.
- The involvement of Industrial Engineers in the design process enhances and optimizes all aspects of architectural professional practice in commercial, healthcare, or industrial projects.### Employee Services and Facilities
- The quality of employee services affects the quality of work life and the employee relationship with the company management.
- The location of facilities affects the efficiency and productivity of employees.
Parking Lots
- The goal is to provide adequate parking space with a convenient location.
- Three parking lots may be needed: manufacturing employee parking, office employee parking, and visitor parking.
- One thousand feet takes an average of 4 minutes to walk, and the closest parking space should be assigned to visitor parking.
- The facilities planner must incorporate the requirements of the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1989 in all aspects of planning and design of parking facilities.
Parking Lot Design
- Large cars need a width of 10 feet and a length of 20 feet.
- Width of driveways are 11 feet for single lane and 22 feet for double lane.
- Local building codes determine parking space size, and the number of handicapped spaces.
- A parking lot will be 250 square feet per number of parking spaces needed.
Employee Entrance
- The flow of people into the factory is from their cars into the plant via the employee entrance to their lockers and to the cafeteria to wait for the start of their shifts.
- The employee entrance is where security, time cards, bulletin boards, and sometimes the personnel departments are located.
- Personnel offices and security offices will be sized at 200 square feet per office person.
Locker Rooms
- Locker rooms give employees space to change from their street clothes to their work clothes and a place to keep their personal effects while working.
- The size of the locker room can be initially sized by multiplying the number of employees by 4 square feet per employee.
Toilets and Restrooms
- As a rule of thumb, one toilet is required for every 20 employees, and restrooms should be no farther than 200 feet away from the employee.
- One sink per toilet must be installed in every restroom.
- Special accommodations and provisions must be made for people with disabilities as required by ADA.
- The size of the restroom is 15 square feet per toilet, washbasin, and entryway, and 9 square feet for urinals.
Cafeterias or Lunchrooms
- A cafeteria feeds a lot of people in a short time.
- Cafeterias are generally used in big plants.
- Vending machines can serve very complete meals.
- Mobile vendors are outside vendors who drive their specially built pickup trucks.
Recreational Facilities
- Health conscious employees are better employees, and companies are recognizing this fact.
- Health facilities take space, and the plant layout designer must talk with management to understand what facilities need to be included.
Aisles
- Aisles are for movement of people, equipment, and material and must be sized for that use.
- For example, two-way fork truck traffic means aisles must be 10 feet wide (for safety).
- Two-way people aisles must be at least 5 feet wide.
Medical Facilities
- Medical facilities vary from 6 x 6 foot first aid rooms to full-fledged hospitals.
- In smaller plants, first aid is handled by trained employees at the plant.
- Medical emergencies are handled by the emergency room at the local hospital or clinic.
- When a plant approaches 500 people, a registered nurse is usually justified.
- One nurse would require a 400 square foot area.
Break Areas and Lounges
- If the lunchroom is too far (over 500 feet) away from groups of employees, a break area should be provided.
- A break area in a remote area may be a picnic table, a drinking fountain, maybe a vending machine, and sometimes a ping pong table that folds up and rolls away.
- There should be enough seats for everyone on a break.
- Lounges are usually found in shipping and receiving areas for visiting truck drivers to wait for their loads.
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Test your knowledge of project management principles, including planning, organizing, and controlling resources and procedures.
