Progressivism Study Guide Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is Progressivism?

A political ideology

A type of art movement

An economic theory

A movement promoting social justice (correct)

Who were muckrakers?

Social activists

Political leaders

Writers fascinated with the ugly side of things (correct)

Businessmen

Who expanded his streetcar business by bribing government officials?

Jacob Sharp

What did Jacob Riis document?

Crowded and unsafe tenement buildings Signup and view all the answers

What is The Jungle about?

Immigrants working in Chicago's stockyards Signup and view all the answers

Who created the concept of Social Gospel?

Walter Rauschenbusch Signup and view all the answers

What is a settlement house?

A community center providing social services to the poor Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for opening a settlement house in Chicago?

Jane Addams Signup and view all the answers

What tragic event raised awareness about worker protections?

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct primary?

An election where citizens vote to select nominees Signup and view all the answers

What does initiative allow people to do?

Put a proposed law directly on the ballot Signup and view all the answers

What is a referendum?

A process allowing citizens to approve or reject laws Signup and view all the answers

What power does recall give voters?

Remove public servants from office before their terms end Signup and view all the answers

What does the 17th Amendment establish?

Direct election of US senators Signup and view all the answers

Who believed women were hurt by unfair prices of goods?

Florence Kelley Signup and view all the answers

What does the National Consumers League do?

Gives special labels to goods produced under fair conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperance movement?

A movement promoting the practice of never drinking alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Who advocated for family life improvements by reducing family size?

Margaret Sanger Signup and view all the answers

Who was a black teacher that helped form the National Association of Colored Women?

Ida B. Wells Signup and view all the answers

Who urged women to join the NAWSA?

Carrie Catt Signup and view all the answers

What does NAWSA stand for?

National American Woman Suffrage Association Signup and view all the answers

What does NAOWS stand for?

National Association Opposed to Women's Suffrage Signup and view all the answers

Who formed the National Women's Party?

Alice Paul Signup and view all the answers

What did the 19th Amendment accomplish?

Gave women the right to vote Signup and view all the answers

What does Americanization mean?

Making immigrants more American Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?

Separate but equal Signup and view all the answers

What did Booker T. Washington believe was necessary for African Americans?

Achieve economic dependence before civil rights Signup and view all the answers

What did W.E.B. Du Bois argue for?

Demand for social and civil rights Signup and view all the answers

What was the Niagra Movement concerned about?

Black men's right to vote Signup and view all the answers

What does NAACP stand for?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Signup and view all the answers

What is the Urban League?

A coalition of 100 groups helping African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the Anti-Defamation League?

Defend Jews and others against attacks Signup and view all the answers

Who was the President of the US in 1901?

Theodore Roosevelt Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Square Deal?

To protect small business owners and the poor Signup and view all the answers

What did the Hepburn Act do?

Gave the ICC strong enforcement powers Signup and view all the answers

What was required by the Meat Inspection Act?

Federal inspection of meat sold across state lines Signup and view all the answers

What did the Pure Food and Drug Act do?

Placed controls on food and medicines Signup and view all the answers

What did the National Reclamation Act address?

Water distribution by the federal government Signup and view all the answers

What was the New Nationalism program focused on?

Restoring the government's trustbusting power Signup and view all the answers

What was the Progressive Party?

A party made up of progressives who left the Republican Party Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the 1912 election?

It was between William Taft and Woodrow Wilson Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Democratic candidate in the 1912 election?

Woodrow Wilson Signup and view all the answers

What was New Freedom?

A program for strict government controls on corporations Signup and view all the answers

What did the 16th Amendment allow Congress to do?

Create a graduated income tax Signup and view all the answers

What did the Federal Reserve Act accomplish?

Placed national banks under control of a federal reserve board Signup and view all the answers

What does FTC stand for?

Federal Trade Commission Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Clayton Antitrust Act?

Strengthened earlier antitrust laws Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Progressivism aimed for social justice through reform and efficient, honest governance.
Muckrakers were writers who exposed societal issues, focusing on the negative aspects of urban life.
Jacob Sharp expanded his streetcar business in NYC through bribery of local officials to gain authority.
Jacob Riis was a notable muckraker who documented the dire living conditions in tenement buildings through photography.
Upton Sinclair's novel "The Jungle" highlighted the harsh realities of immigrant life in Chicago’s stockyards and unsanitary practices in the meat industry.
The Social Gospel, formulated by Walter Rauschenbusch, combined elements of German Socialism with American Progressivism.

Settlement houses acted as community centers providing vital services to the impoverished.
Jane Addams founded one of the first settlement houses in Chicago, promoting social reform.
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire ignited reform discussions regarding worker safety and labor conditions.

Political Reforms

Direct Primary allowed citizens to participate directly in selecting candidates for elections.
Initiative empowered citizens to propose laws for voters to consider.
Referendum enabled the populace to approve or reject legislative decisions.
Recall allowed voters to remove elected officials from office before the end of their term.
The 17th Amendment established the direct election of U.S. senators.

Florence Kelley emphasized the impact of unfair pricing on women's roles in managing households.
The National Consumers League promoted ethical consumerism by labeling products that met safety and fairness standards.
The temperance movement, notably represented by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, advocated against alcohol consumption.
Margaret Sanger promoted birth control, arguing that fewer children would improve women's health and family life.

African American Advocacy and Civil Rights

Ida B. Wells played a significant role in forming the National Association of Colored Women to advocate for African American rights.
Carrie Catt, an early female superintendent, encouraged women to join the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
The NAOWS opposed women’s suffrage, highlighting the societal divisions on the issue.
Alice Paul founded the National Women's Party to further women's voting rights, contributing to the passage of the 19th Amendment.

Racial Equality Movements

Americanization sought to assimilate immigrants into American culture.
Plessy v. Ferguson established the "separate but equal" doctrine affecting racial segregation laws.
Booker T. Washington advocated for economic self-reliance for African Americans as a path to civil rights.
W.E.B. Du Bois insisted on immediate demand for civil and social rights to overcome systemic racism.
The Niagara Movement addressed the disenfranchisement of black voters, evolving into the NAACP for civil rights advocacy.

Governmental Reforms and Economic Changes

Theodore Roosevelt, U.S. President in 1901, sought to balance interests of the wealthy and powerful with the needs of small businesses and the working class, termed the Square Deal.
The Hepburn Act strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission’s (ICC) regulatory powers.
The Meat Inspection Act mandated federal inspection of meat products to ensure safety standards.
The Pure Food and Drug Act aimed to regulate the safety and labeling of food and drugs, banning impure goods.
The National Reclamation Act empowered the federal government to oversee water distribution.
New Nationalism called for a restoration of government regulatory authority to curb corporate abuses.
The Progressive Party emerged as a faction pushing for reforms distinct from the Republican Party.

Key Legislative Changes

The 1912 election was a significant political event between candidates William Taft and Woodrow Wilson.
Wilson, the Democratic candidate, endorsed the New Freedom program to impose strict regulations on corporations.
The 16th Amendment granted Congress the ability to levy a graduated income tax, influencing tax policy.
The Federal Reserve Act established a federal reserve board to oversee national banks.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was formed to prevent unfair business practices.
The Clayton Antitrust Act clarified and strengthened laws against monopolistic activities, protecting fair competition in commerce.

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Explore key terms from Chapter 4 on Progressivism through these informative flashcards. Each card presents vital concepts and historical figures relevant to the movement, helping you understand social justice and the role of muckrakers. Perfect for students preparing for exams or deepening their knowledge of American history.