Programming Loops and Conditionals

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Questions and Answers

Given the pseudocode, which code snippets for XXX and YYY will correctly count the number of times the value 10 is input, stopping when 0 is input?

  • `count = count + val` / `count = 0`
  • `count = count + 1` / (nothing)` (correct)
  • `count = count + val` / (nothing)`
  • `count = count + 1` / `count = 0`

Consider the code snippet: while (c = 'y'). Which input for char c will result in the output 'Done'?

  • `'n'` only
  • No such value (error comparing `c` and `'y'`) (correct)
  • Any value other than `'y'`
  • `'y'` only

For the following code, how many times does the while loop execute given the input values -1 4 0 9?

  • 1 (correct)
  • 2
  • 3
  • 0

What is the output of the following code?

<p><code>10 11 12 13 14</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the following code, what should XXX be so that the program correctly determines the largest integer seen from the input? Assume all variables are integers and have unknown initial values.

<p><code>maxSoFar = currValue</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which input value will cause the loop body to execute a second time, thus outputting In loop again?

<p><code>Quit</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many 'x' characters will be output by the following code? Assume row and col are integers.

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A programmer is tasked with writing a 500-line program. Which approach is most likely the best for efficient development?

<p>Write 10-20 lines, run and debug, then write 10-20 more lines, run and debug, and repeat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the last value displayed by the following code?

<p>5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times does the following loop iterate?

<p>Never (it's an infinite loop) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the statement that is equivalent to num = num + 1;

<p><code>num += 1;</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct syntax for a for loop?

<p><code>for (i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++)</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the value of result after executing the following code?

<p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which loop type is guaranteed to execute at least once?

<p><code>do-while</code> loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a break statement in a loop?

<p>To terminate the loop immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of sum after the following code executes?

<p>15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of the following code if the input value given is 5?

<p><code>5 4 3 2 1</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of continue keyword?

<p>To skip current iteration of a loop. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Correct Pseudocode for Counting 10s

Increments count only when the input val is 10, otherwise does nothing. This correctly counts the occurrences of 10.

Why does no input exit this loop?

The loop condition uses an assignment (=) instead of a comparison (==). Thus, c is always assigned 'y', making the condition always true and resulting in an infinite loop. No input will cause the loop to terminate.

How many times does the while loop execute?

The while loop executes only once because the initial value of userNum (3) is greater than 0. After the first execution, a new value for userNum will be read, but the question asks about the initial execution.

do-while loop output

The do-while loop executes at least once. a starts at 10 and increments by 1 in each iteration. The loop continues as long as a is less than 15. The output is 10 11 12 13 14.

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Initialize maxSoFar

The missing code maxSoFar = currValue initializes maxSoFar with the first input value (currValue) when i is 0 during the first iteration of the loop. This ensures that maxSoFar has a valid initial value to compare against subsequent inputs.

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Loop continues with...

Any input other than 'q' or 'Q' will cause the loop to execute again. The loop continues as long as s is not equal to 'q' and not equal to 'Q'.

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How many x's are printed?

The outer loop iterates twice. The System.out.print("x"); statement is inside the outer loop but outside the inner loop, so it executes once for each iteration of the outer loop. Thus, "x" is outputted twice.

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Best programming practice

Writing and debugging in small chunks (10-20 lines) is the most efficient approach. It allows for easier identification and correction of errors.

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Study Notes

  • These notes cover various aspects of programming loops and conditional statements, error identification, and best practices.

Pseudocode and Loop Logic

  • To count the occurrences of the number 10 in a sequence of inputs, increment the counter only when the input equals 10, and do nothing otherwise.
  • The correct pseudocode additions are count = count + 1 if val == 10 and (nothing) for the else condition.

Understanding the while Loop Condition

  • The while loop c = 'y' is an assignment, not a comparison.
  • This means c is assigned the value 'y' in each iteration, and the loop continues indefinitely because the condition is always true.
  • There is no input value for c that would cause the loop to terminate and output "Done".

Loop Execution Count

  • The while loop executes as long as the condition is true.
  • With an initial userNum = 3, the loop executes once, taking a new value for userNum as input in the first iteration of -1 4 0 9.

do-while Loop

  • The do-while loop executes the code block at least once before checking the condition.
  • The given do-while loop increments a from 10 to 14, printing each value, and stops when a is no longer less than 15.
  • The output is 10 11 12 13 14.

Determining the Largest Integer

  • To determine the largest integer from a series of inputs, initialize maxSoFar with the first input value.
  • In the first iteration (i == 0), maxSoFar should be assigned the value of the first input (currValue).

Loop Termination Conditions

  • The while loop continues as long as s is not equal to "q" or "Q".
  • Any other input value will cause the loop body to execute again.

Nested Loops

  • The outer loop executes twice, printing "x" each time.
  • Regardless of the inner loop's content, the outer loop determines how many "x"s are printed.
  • The code will output "x" twice.

Programming Best Practices

  • Writing and debugging code in small increments (10-20 lines) is more efficient.
  • This approach allows for easier identification and correction of errors.

while Loop with Decrement

  • The while loop continues as long as the condition is true.
  • The loop decrements num by 2 in each iteration
  • The loop stops when num is no longer greater than 0.
  • The values of num (10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0) are printed in each iteration.
  • Output: 10 8 6 4 2

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