Programming Basics: Loops and Conditionals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using a loop in block coding?

  • To create visual effects
  • To perform mathematical operations
  • To store data temporarily
  • To repeat a block of code multiple times (correct)

A conditional statement evaluates a condition and executes different actions based on the truth value.

True (A)

What is a variable in block coding?

A variable is a named storage location in memory that holds a value which can change during program execution.

In programming, a ______ is a sequence of characters used for representing text.

<p>string</p>
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Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Integer = A whole number without a decimal Loop = A method to repeat a set of instructions Conditional Statement = An expression that evaluates to true or false Variable = A named space in memory to store data</p>
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Number = 22 What would the output be of the variable 'number'?

<p>22</p>
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Explain why the order of conditions in 'if/elif/else' statements is important.

<p>The order is crucial because the first successful condition to evaluate as true will execute, preventing any subsequent conditions from being checked.</p>
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What is the primary function of an if statement in programming?

<p>To execute a block of code if a specific condition evaluates to True.</p>
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What role does the elif keyword play in an if/elif/else statement?

<p>The <code>elif</code> keyword checks additional conditions if the previous ones are False.</p>
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Explain how the following code works: if score >= 90: grade = 'A'.

<p>This code assigns 'A' to the variable <code>grade</code> if the <code>score</code> is 90 or higher.</p>
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Flashcards

What is a loop?

A loop repeats a block of code until a condition is met.

What is a conditional statement?

A statement that controls the flow of execution based on conditions.

Example of if/elif/else?

If a condition is true, do one thing. If not, check another condition. If none are true, do something else.

What is a variable?

A named storage location to hold data.

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What is a string?

A sequence of characters (letters, numbers, symbols).

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if Statement

Executes code if a condition is True. If the condition is False, the code is skipped.

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else Statement

Provides an alternative code block to execute if the if condition is False.

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What does elif do?

Checks additional conditions sequentially after the if statement, only if the preceding conditions were False.

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What is the purpose of if/elif/else?

Allows you to handle different outcomes based on multiple conditions within a single statement.

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Indentation in if/elif/else

The code blocks within if/elif/else statements are defined by indentation, which is essential for Python to correctly execute the code.

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if condition example

In the statement if number > 0: ..., the condition checked is whether the variable number is greater than 0.

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Code block within if statement

The set of instructions that will be executed only if the corresponding if condition is evaluated to True.

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Nested if/elif/else

Using one if/elif/else statement inside another to check multiple conditions in a hierarchical way. Each inner statement evaluates only if its outer condition is true.

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Avoiding Redundant Conditions

Ensuring that the conditions in your if/elif/else statements are mutually exclusive. This prevents unnecessary checks and unexpected outcomes.

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Order Matters

The order of elif statements within an if/elif/else block impacts the execution flow. The first successful condition will be executed, so strategically place them.

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Comparison Operators

Symbols used to compare values in conditions of if/elif/else statements, including == (equal to), != (not equal to), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or equal to), <= (less than or equal to).

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Boolean Logic

Combining comparison operators with and, or, and not to create more complex conditions. and requires both sides to be true, or only needs one, and not inverts the truth value.

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Study Notes

Loops

  • Loops repeat a block of code.
  • Used to automate tasks that need to be performed multiple times.
  • Types of loops include for loops and while loops.
  • for loops iterate over a sequence (e.g., a list).
  • while loops repeat as long as a condition is true.

Conditional Statements

  • Conditional statements control the flow of execution based on conditions.
  • These statements execute different blocks of code depending on whether a condition is true or false.
  • Common types include if, if/else, if/elif/else.

If/Elif/Else Example

  • This example demonstrates a conditional statement that checks multiple conditions and executes different blocks of code based on the outcome.
  • Example: 
    if age < 18:
  print("You are underage.")
elif age >= 18 and age <= 65:
    print("You are an adult.")
else:
  print("You are a senior citizen.")

Variables

  • Variables store data values in a program.
  • Can be assigned different data types such as strings, numbers, or booleans.
  • The name of a variable follows a convention to clearly represent its purpose.
  • This helps in reading and understanding the code.
  • Example: name = "Alice" or age = 30

String

  • A string is a sequence of characters.
  • Enclosed in either single (' ') or double (" ") quotes.
  • Example: "Hello, world!" or 'This is a string'

Integer

  • An integer represents a whole number.
  • Can be positive, zero, or negative.
  • Example: 10, -5, 0

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