Programming Loops and Conditional Statements

Study Notes

Conditional Statements

If-Else Statements

Used for decision-making in programs
Syntax: if (condition) { code to execute }
If the condition is true, the code inside the if block is executed
Optional else clause can be used to specify alternative code to execute if the condition is false
Example:

if (x > 5) {
    cout << "x is greater than 5";
} else {
    cout << "x is less than or equal to 5";
}

Loops

For Loops

Used for repetitive tasks
Syntax: for (init; cond; increment) { code to execute }
Initialization (init) is executed once at the beginning
Condition (cond) is checked before each iteration
Increment is executed at the end of each iteration
Example:

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    cout << i << " ";
}

While Loops

Used for repetitive tasks
Syntax: while (condition) { code to execute }
Condition is checked before each iteration
If the condition is true, the code inside the loop is executed
Example:

int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    cout << i << " ";
    i++;
}

Do-While Loops

Used for repetitive tasks
Syntax: do { code to execute } while (condition)
Code inside the loop is executed at least once
Condition is checked after each iteration
Example:

int i = 0;
do {
    cout << i << " ";
    i++;
} while (i < 5);

Note: The main difference between while and do-while loops is that the code inside a do-while loop is executed at least once, even if the condition is false.