Programming Loops and Conditional Statements

Conditional Statements

If-Else Statements

• Used for decision-making in programs
• Syntax: if (condition) { code to execute }
• If the condition is true, the code inside the if block is executed
• Optional else clause can be used to specify alternative code to execute if the condition is false
• Example:

if (x > 5) {
    cout << "x is greater than 5";
} else {
    cout << "x is less than or equal to 5";
}

Loops

For Loops

• Used for repetitive tasks
• Syntax: for (init; cond; increment) { code to execute }
• Initialization (init) is executed once at the beginning
• Condition (cond) is checked before each iteration
• Increment is executed at the end of each iteration
• Example:

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    cout << i << " ";
}

While Loops

• Used for repetitive tasks
• Syntax: while (condition) { code to execute }
• Condition is checked before each iteration
• If the condition is true, the code inside the loop is executed
• Example:

int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    cout << i << " ";
    i++;
}

Do-While Loops

• Used for repetitive tasks
• Syntax: do { code to execute } while (condition)
• Code inside the loop is executed at least once
• Condition is checked after each iteration
• Example:

int i = 0;
do {
    cout << i << " ";
    i++;
} while (i < 5);

Note: The main difference between while and do-while loops is that the code inside a do-while loop is executed at least once, even if the condition is false.