Programming 01: Generations of Languages

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Questions and Answers

What type of language is machine language classified as?

High-level language

Scripting language

Natural language

Low-level language (correct)

What is a primary characteristic of assembly language?

It uses mnemonics for commands. (correct)

It is written using binary codes.

It can be executed without conversion.

It is an interpreted language.

Which step is NOT part of the 6 stages of developing a computer program?

Designing a solution

Debugging the program

Maintaining records of users (correct)

Compiling the program

What must assembly language be converted into for execution?

Machine language Signup and view all the answers

How has programming impacted the process of determining election results?

Automated the process for faster results Signup and view all the answers

What describes a class in object-oriented programming?

A group of objects sharing similar properties and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of a compiler?

It translates high-level language into machine language before execution Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of current and distributed programming?

It allows for the execution of multiple operations at the same time Signup and view all the answers

What is one major advantage of high-level programming languages over low-level languages?

They are easier to understand, modify, and debug Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about parallel processing is true?

Processes run in tandem using shared resources Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between Java and C regarding variable usage?

Variables in Java must be initialized before usage. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Java Archive (JAR) primarily used for?

To aggregate multiple Java class files and resources. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a Java Applet?

A Java program that runs inside a web browser. Signup and view all the answers

What must every non-void method in Java do?

Return a value of the declared type. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Servlet used for in Java?

To handle requests and responses in web applications. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Swing Applications is correct?

They maintain a consistent bit count in GUI. Signup and view all the answers

How is Java's execution speed perceived in comparison to C?

Java is slower than C due to the use of JVM. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes one of Java’s primary assets?

Its comprehensive API. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following identifiers is valid?

User_Name Signup and view all the answers

What makes 'BIR TAX' an invalid identifier?

It contains a space. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about reserved words in programming?

They represent commands in a programming language. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for valid variable names?

They cannot start with a digit. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fixed variable in programming?

A variable whose value does not change during program execution. Signup and view all the answers

Which character is allowed at the start of an identifier?

An underscore Signup and view all the answers

How does the compiler treat comments in a program?

It ignores them completely. Signup and view all the answers

What character cannot be used in variable names?

Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial purpose of the Java language project?

Interactive television Signup and view all the answers

Which company released most of the Java virtual machine as free and open-source software in 2006?

Sun Microsystems Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the primary author of the Java programming language?

James Gosling Signup and view all the answers

What was Java originally called before it was named Java?

OAK Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential benefit of applications written in Java concerning operating systems?

They can run on many operating systems with little modification. Signup and view all the answers

When did Oracle acquire Sun Microsystems?

2009-2010 Signup and view all the answers

What does the Java Community Process (JCP) refer to?

A formalized process for developing and revising the Java language. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Java's design is true?

It was influenced by the syntax and structure of C and C++. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Generations of Programming Language

1st Generation - Machine Language: Utilizes binary codes (0s and 1s) that a computer can execute directly; considered machine dependent and low-level language.
2nd Generation - Assembly Language: Employs mnemonics for commands; must be converted to machine language via an assembler; also low-level language examples include TASM and MASM.
3rd Generation - High-Level Language: More independent of specific computer types, closer to human language, simplifies understanding and debugging, allowing programmers to focus on problem-solving.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Data structures represented as objects, with defined relationships.
Class defines a group of objects with shared properties and behavior.

Current and Distributed Programming

Facilitates execution of multiple concurrent operations.
Parallel processes run in tandem using shared resources.

Compiler vs Interpreter

Compiler: Translates high-level language into machine code as a separate step; first developed by Grace Hopper.
Interpreter: Executes high-level language instructions directly without converting to machine code; an example is the Lisp interpreter by John McCarthy.

History of Java

Developed in the 1990s by Dr. James Gosling and his colleagues at Sun Microsystems.
Released in 1995; embodies syntax similar to C and C++.
Open-source availability began in 2006, with core code released in 2007; Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems in 2009-2010.

Types of Java Applications

Java Applet: Web-based programs executed via a browser using JVM.
Application: Standalone programs running independently on local computers.
Java Archive (JAR): Aggregates multiple Java class files for simplified distribution.
Servlet: Manages server-based requests and responses, essential for web development.
Swing Application: Desktop applications using the Swing toolkit for graphical user interfaces.

Benefits of Java

Serves as an introductory language for students and professionals.
Requires variable initialization before use, reducing errors.
Every non-void method must return a value, enhancing predictability.
Features a comprehensive API providing extensive pre-built classes and methods.

Java Variable Rules

Valid identifiers must start with a letter or underscore; spaces and special characters (except underscore and $) are not permitted.
Invalid identifiers include those starting with a digit and reserved words; examples include 3RD, BIR TAX, and %price.

Importance of Comments

Enhances program readability and documentation.
Comments are not processed by the compiler, improving understanding without affecting performance.

Data Types in Java

Define the range of values and operations applicable, essential for compiler or interpreter to process the data correctly.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of programming languages, focusing on the first generation, machine language, which uses binary codes. Explore the stages involved in developing computer programs and gain insights into how programming has evolved. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts in programming.