Profunda Femoris Artery Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the profunda femoris artery?

  • To supply blood to the thigh (correct)
  • To provide nutrients to the pelvis
  • To connect the femoral artery and femoral vein
  • To drain lymph from the lower limb

Which structure does the profunda femoris artery arise from?

  • Femoral artery (correct)
  • Femoral vein
  • Lateral circumflex artery
  • Adductor longus muscle

Which of the following best describes the location of the profunda femoris artery during its course?

  • It runs anterior to the femoral artery
  • It curves medially behind the femoral artery (correct)
  • It lies lateral to the femoral vein
  • It terminates in the popliteal fossa

How many branches does the profunda femoris artery give off?

<p>2 circumflex and 4 perforating branches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does NOT have a relationship with the profunda femoris artery during its course?

<p>Iliacus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which superficial branch is responsible for ascending towards the umbilicus?

<p>Superficial epigastric (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deep branch arises closest to the inguinal ligament and passes deep to the femoral vein?

<p>Deep external pudendal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical position of the profunda femoris branch in relation to the femoral artery?

<p>Curves medially behind the femoral artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch passes medially superficial to the spermatic cord?

<p>Superficial external pudendal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which anatomical location is compression of the femoral artery most effective?

<p>Just below the inguinal ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT supplied by the femoral nerve's muscular branches?

<p>Gracilis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve supplies the skin of the medial side of the leg?

<p>Saphenous Nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the quadriceps femoris is true regarding its innervation?

<p>It receives multiple branches from the femoral nerve. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential motor effect of a femoral nerve lesion?

<p>Paralysis of the sartorius muscle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve branch supplies the hip joint according to its articular branches?

<p>Femoral nerve branches to rectus femoris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the adductor canal?

<p>It allows the passage of blood vessels and nerves between the thigh and lower leg. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located anteriorly in the adductor canal?

<p>Vastus medialis muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the femoral triangle, where is the femoral vein positioned relative to the femoral artery?

<p>Medially (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a content of the adductor canal?

<p>Great saphenous vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the termination point of the adductor canal?

<p>At the opening in the adductor magnus muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary anatomical location of the cruciate anastomosis in the thigh?

<p>At the upper part of the back of the thigh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does the lateral circumflex artery branch from to contribute to the cruciate anastomosis?

<p>Profunda femoris artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of femoral artery obstruction, which structure acts as a critical source for collateral circulation?

<p>The cruciate anastomosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is NOT a part of the vertical part of the cruciate anastomosis?

<p>Medial circumflex artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical function does the 4th perforating artery serve in relation to the cruciate anastomosis?

<p>It descends to anastomose with the popliteal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve?

<p>It provides sensation to the skin over the patella. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the saphenous nerve cross over the femoral artery?

<p>In the adductor canal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which location does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

<p>At the opening in the adductor magnus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure surrounds the uppermost part of the femoral artery?

<p>The femoral sheath. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The saphenous nerve is primarily located along which side of the knee and foot?

<p>Medial side. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical landmark is midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis?

<p>Mid-inguinal point. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does the saphenous nerve accompany as it descends along the leg?

<p>Great saphenous vein. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical position does the upper two-thirds of the line from the mid-inguinal point represent the femoral artery?

<p>Thigh flexed, abducted, and laterally rotated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is NOT found within the roof of the femoral triangle?

<p>Deep external pudendal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the femoral sheath?

<p>To surround the femoral vessels and facilitate their movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located in the medial compartment of the femoral sheath?

<p>Lymph node (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is NOT a branch of the femoral artery?

<p>Deep external iliac (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the femoral triangle does the posterior wall correspond to?

<p>Iliaca fascia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the contents of the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath.

<p>Femoral artery and femoral nerve branch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph nodes are contained within the superficial fascia of the femoral triangle?

<p>Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the compartments within the femoral sheath?

<p>They organize the arrangement of vascular and nervous structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the location of a femoral hernia?

<p>It occurs below the inguinal ligament. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of gender prevalence, which is true regarding femoral and inguinal hernias?

<p>Femoral hernias are more common in females. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the femoral nerve relate to the femoral artery?

<p>The femoral nerve is lateral to, but outside, the femoral artery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature distinguishes an inguinal hernia from a femoral hernia in terms of the bulge's position?

<p>An inguinal hernia bulge is found above the inguinal ligament. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the increased prevalence of femoral hernias in females?

<p>Wider female pelvis leading to a wider femoral canal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure closes the femoral ring?

<p>Femoral septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the apex of the femoral canal?

<p>Closed by fusion of its walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is positioned medially to the femoral canal?

<p>Lacunar ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only content found in the femoral canal?

<p>Lymph node of Cloquet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During muscular exercise, what is the role of the femoral canal?

<p>It allows expansion of the femoral vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the femoral hernia sac ultimately reach after passing through the femoral canal?

<p>Superficial fascia below the inguinal ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the neck of the hernial sac?

<p>The proximal part of the sac connected to the abdominal cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the femoral canal?

<p>Conical and approximately 1 ½ cm long (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Iliacus Nerve Branch

Branch of the femoral nerve that innervates the iliacus muscle, arising above the inguinal ligament.

Sartorius Nerve Branch

Branch of the femoral nerve that supplies the sartorius muscle, entering its upper part.

Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh

Branch of the femoral nerve that provides sensory innervation to the medial aspect of the thigh.

Saphenous Nerve

Branch of the femoral nerve responsible for supplying the skin of the medial side of the leg and foot.

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Femoral Nerve Injury: Motor Effects

Injury to the femoral nerve that can cause paralysis of the quadriceps muscle, leading to loss of knee extension.

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Profunda Femoris Artery

The largest branch of the femoral artery, supplying blood to the thigh.

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Course of the Profunda Femoris Artery

Arises from the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery and curves medially, passing over the pectineus and adductor brevis muscles.

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Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

Branches of the profunda femoris artery that ascend, transverse, and descend, supplying the sartorius and rectus femoris muscles.

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Perforating Arteries

The 4 branches of the profunda femoris artery that supply nutrients to the femur.

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Structures at the Femoral Triangle Apex

The femoral artery, femoral vein, adductor longus, profunda vein, and profunda artery, positioned from anterior to posterior at the apex of the femoral triangle.

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Profunda Femoris

The largest branch of the femoral artery, arising from its posterolateral aspect and supplying the medial thigh.

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Superficial Epigastric Artery

A branch of the femoral artery that ascends towards the umbilicus in the anterior abdominal wall.

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Superficial External Pudendal Artery

A branch of the femoral artery that runs medially to supply the external genitalia, passing superficial to the spermatic cord.

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Deep External Pudendal Artery

This artery runs below the deep fascia, medial to the femoral vein, supplying the external genitalia.

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Where is femoral artery compression effective?

The femoral artery is most effectively compressed just below the inguinal ligament against the superior pubic ramus.

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What is the adductor canal?

A tunnel in the middle third of the medial thigh that houses key blood vessels and nerves.

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What are the walls of the adductor canal?

The adductor canal's anterior wall is formed by the vastus medialis muscle, the posterior wall by the adductor longus and magnus muscles, and the roof by a thick fibrous sheet overlaid by the sartorius.

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What structures are within the adductor canal?

The femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to vastus medialis all pass through the adductor canal.

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Describe the course of the femoral vein.

The femoral vein starts at the adductor magnus opening and runs as a continuation of the popliteal vein in the opposite direction of the femoral artery.

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What are the tributaries of the femoral vein?

The femoral vein receives blood from the great saphenous vein, profunda femoris vein, lateral and medial circumflex veins, deep external pudendal vein, and muscular veins.

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What is the Cruciate Anastomosis?

A cross-shaped network of arteries located in the upper part of the back of the thigh, just below the greater trochanter. It's formed by branches from the medial and lateral circumflex arteries (transverse part) and the inferior gluteal artery, medial circumflex artery ascending branch, and first perforating artery (vertical part).

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What are the Perforating Arteries and their role?

The four perforating arteries (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th) pierce through muscles to reach the back of the femur. They connect with each other and supply the femur with nutrients. The 4th perforating artery also connects with branches of the popliteal artery.

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What makes up the Transverse Part of the Cruciate Anastomosis?

It's formed by branches from the medial and lateral circumflex arteries. These branches run horizontally across the thigh.

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What makes up the Vertical Part of the Cruciate Anastomosis?

It's formed by the inferior gluteal artery, the medial circumflex artery ascending branch, and the first perforating artery. These branches run vertically up and down the thigh.

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What is the clinical significance of the Cruciate Anastomosis?

The Cruciate Anastomosis is a vital backup blood supply in case the main arteries in the leg (external iliac or femoral) are blocked. It helps ensure blood continues to reach the lower limb.

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What is the Saphenous Nerve?

The longest branch of the femoral nerve which travels through the thigh and leg, ultimately supplying sensory innervation to the medial side of the leg and foot.

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How does the femoral artery begin and course through the thigh?

The beginning of the femoral artery is marked by the mid-inguinal point, lying midway between the ASIS and PS. Its course is divided into two sections: the femoral triangle and the adductor canal.

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Where is the femoral artery located, and what surrounds it?

The femoral artery is found in the femoral triangle and the adductor canal, and it is surrounded by the femoral sheath in its uppermost section.

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Where does the femoral artery end and what does it transition into?

The femoral artery ends at the opening in the adductor magnus muscle, transitioning into the popliteal artery.

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How can we visualize the femoral artery's surface anatomy?

The femoral artery's surface anatomy can be visualized by drawing a line from the mid-inguinal point to the adductor tubercle. The upper two-thirds of this line represents the femoral artery, while the lower one-third represents the popliteal artery.

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How does the saphenous nerve travel within the adductor canal?

The saphenous nerve enters the adductor canal and crosses over the femoral artery, descending along its medial side.

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What happens to the saphenous nerve after it leaves the femoral triangle?

The saphenous nerve leaves the femoral triangle and then travels through the adductor canal, where it crosses over the femoral artery.

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After piercing the deep fascia, how does the saphenous nerve continue its course?

The saphenous nerve pierces the deep fascia at the medial side of the knee, then descends alongside the great saphenous vein, traveling along the medial border of the tibia.

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What is the femoral sheath?

The funnel-shaped sheath of deep fascia that surrounds the upper portion of the femoral vessels, including the artery, vein, and nerve.

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What structures are found within the femoral sheath?

The femoral artery, vein, and nerve are all located within the femoral sheath, separated by septae into three compartments.

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What forms the anterior wall of the femoral sheath?

The anterior wall of the femoral sheath is formed by the downward extension of the transversalis fascia from the anterior abdominal wall.

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What forms the posterior wall of the femoral sheath?

The posterior wall of the femoral sheath is formed by the downward extension of the iliaca fascia from the posterior abdominal wall.

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What structures are found in the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath?

The femoral artery and femoral nerve branch are located in the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath.

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What structure is found in the intermediate compartment of the femoral sheath?

The femoral vein is located in the intermediate compartment of the femoral sheath.

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What is found in the medial compartment of the femoral sheath?

The femoral canal, which contains a lymph node and some fat, is located in the medial compartment of the femoral sheath.

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What is the femoral triangle?

The femoral triangle is a region in the upper thigh that contains important structures like the femoral artery, vein, nerve, and lymph nodes.

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What is a femoral hernia?

A type of hernia that occurs below the inguinal ligament and is more common in women.

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What is the course of the femoral nerve?

The femoral nerve originates from the lumbar plexus in the abdomen, passes through the thigh, and innervates muscles, skin, and joints.

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Why are femoral hernias more common in females?

The femoral canal, a passage in the thigh, is wider in women due to the wider female pelvis. This, along with factors like thinner muscles and weakened abdominal walls from pregnancy, makes femoral hernias more likely in women.

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What is the relationship between the femoral nerve and the femoral artery and sheath?

The femoral nerve lies lateral to and outside the femoral artery but within the femoral sheath.

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Where does the femoral nerve pass through the thigh in relation to the inguinal ligament?

The femoral nerve passes through the thigh deep to the inguinal ligament, signifying its location below the ligament.

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What is the femoral canal?

A conical space within the femoral sheath, located in the medial compartment of the thigh. It is approximately 1.5cm long and has a base that opens towards the abdominal cavity and an apex that is closed by fusion of its walls.

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What is the femoral septum?

A condensed mass of extraperitoneal tissue that closes the femoral ring, the upper opening of the femoral canal into the abdominal cavity.

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What is a hernia?

It's a protrusion of a viscus, usually the intestine, through a weak point in the abdominal wall, creating a pouch called the hernial sac.

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What is the neck of a hernial sac?

The part of the hernial sac that forms the proximal connection with the abdominal cavity.

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What is the fundus of a hernial sac?

The part of the hernial sac that protrudes outside the body.

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What is the clinical importance of the femoral canal in relation to exercise?

Muscular exercise can cause the femoral vein to expand, and the femoral canal provides space for this expansion.

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What is the clinical importance of the femoral canal in relation to hernias?

The femoral canal is a potential pathway for a femoral hernia to occur.

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Study Notes

Femoral Nerve Branches

  • The femoral nerve has three types of branches:

    • Muscular
    • Cutaneous
    • Articular

  • Muscular Branches:

    • Supply the anterior thigh muscles (quadriceps femoris, sartorius, and pectineus)
    • These branches supply the muscles and extend the knee joint

  • Cutaneous Branches:

    • Supply sensory information to the medial and intermediate parts of the thigh skin

  • Articular Branches:

    • The nerve branches deliver sensory information to the hip and knee joints

Femoral Nerve Course

  • The femoral nerve emerges from the lumbar plexus (L2-L4) and travels to the femoral triangle
  • The nerve branches run along the femoral artery to the knee, reaching the knee joint
  • It leaves the posterior wall of the femoral triangle close to the femoral artery, before supplying the front and medial thigh skin.
  • The sensory information from the muscle and the skin of the thigh and leg is conducted to the central nervous system.

Effect of Injury

  • Damage to the nerve results in motor and sensory deficits
  • Motor effects: paralysis of the knee extensor muscles
  • Sensory effects: loss of feeling in the front and medial thigh region and the skin of the leg and foot

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Description

Test your knowledge on the profunda femoris artery and its anatomical relations. This quiz covers its origins, branches, and relevant muscles. Suitable for students of anatomy and medical professionals.

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