Questions and Answers
What was a significant change in police service during the 1900 - 1940's era?
What effect did rapid response have on police communications with citizens during the 1900 - 1940's?
It decreased communications with citizens.
During the 1900 - 1940's, police officers were primarily known by the citizens in their areas.
True
Who were two influential figures during the American policing 'reform' era?
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The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement is also known as the ______ Commission.
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What technological advancements were noted between 1950 - 1970's?
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During the 1950 - 1970's, police professionalism was emphasized by requiring officers to have ______ years of college education.
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What role did evaluation research play in the 1950 - 1970's police system?
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The patrol system in the 1950 - 1970's shifted towards an incident-driven approach.
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Which of the following is true about policing technology from 1980 to today?
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What does community or problem-oriented policing open up for law enforcement agencies?
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Professionalization of policing has led to a decrease in community interaction.
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Study Notes
Professional Policing Eras Overview
1900 - 1940's
- Introduction of automobiles enhanced rapid response to police calls for service.
- Radio communications allowed real-time dispatching of officers in the field.
- Shift from walking beats to radio car assignments distanced police from community interaction.
- Increased police mobility led to less communication with citizens, despite improvements in performance levels.
- Lack of quality evaluation was common during this era.
- Beat officers were recognized by citizens, fostering a sense of community and ownership.
- The policing "reform" era highlighted figures like August Vollmer, advocating for professionalism and modern federal law enforcement structures, including the FBI led by J. Edgar Hoover.
- 1931 Wickersham Commission emphasized the importance of higher education for police.
1950 - 1970's
- Advancements in technology, particularly computers and communications, became prominent.
- Continued use of automobiles improved response times further reducing citizen contact.
- The professional police model focused on accountability, using response time and citizen complaints as performance measures.
- Late 1960s push for police education highlighted a preference for college-educated personnel.
- The NAC established increasing educational standards culminating in a requirement for a bachelor’s degree by 1982, with 1986 findings showing low compliance.
- Evaluation research began to shape success management in policing.
- LEAA funding expedited criminal justice processes and supported various projects.
- Specialized units led to patrol officers being sidelined from follow-up activities, with incident-driven policing minimizing community engagement.
- Officers were primarily report takers rather than proactive community members due to radio system control.
1980 - Today
- Technological improvement continues with advancements in computers and mobile devices.
- Increased interest in evaluation research has influenced police practices.
- New policing styles emerged, fostering experimentation and innovative methods.
- Community or problem-oriented policing models commenced, blending traditional approaches with community engagement.
- Implementation of community-oriented initiatives has rekindled focus on direct citizen interaction and walking beats, promoting relational policing.
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Description
This quiz explores the evolution of professional policing from the early 1900s to the 1970s. You will learn about key technological advancements, shifts in community interaction, and significant figures in the reform era. Discover how these changes shaped modern law enforcement practices.
