week 11 Production and Maturation of RBCs
52 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the normal haematocrit value for females?

35-45%

What is the function of haemoglobin in RBCs?

Carries oxygen to tissues

What is the normal value of haemoglobin in males?

130-160g/L

What is the main cause of elevated haematocrit?

<p>Reduction in plasma volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal value of platelet count?

<p>150-450 x 10*9/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the production site of lymphocytes?

<p>Glandular tissues (lymph glands, spleen, thymus, tonsils)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of anaemia due to destruction of RBCs?

<p>Issues with the spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone that stimulates RBC production?

<p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three roles of platelets during the initial response to injury?

<p>Adhesion, Activation, and Aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Prothrombin Time (PT) and what does it measure?

<p>Prothrombin Time (PT) measures the extrinsic pathway and the clotting ability of factors I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V, VII, and X</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for calcium levels in the blood?

<p>Ionised 1.1-1.3mmol/L, Serum Calcium 2.1-2.5mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of potassium in the body?

<p>Maintains the inside of the cell positive, important for protein synthesis, and acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for Creatinine Kinase (CK) levels?

<p>&lt; 150 U/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) in the liver?

<p>Released when hepatocytes break down</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels?

<p>&lt; 100 U/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Bilirubin in the body?

<p>Orange-yellow pigment, by-product of Hb metabolism, eliminated via bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for Albumin levels?

<p>35-45 U/L (34-48)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the International Normalised Ratio (INR) in measuring clotting ability?

<p>Standardizes the measurement of Prothrombin Time (PT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of platelets in the initial response to injury?

<p>Adhesion, Activation, and Aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Prothrombin Time (PT) measure?

<p>The extrinsic pathway and the clotting ability of factors I, II, V, VII, and X</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcium in the body?

<p>Essential for muscle contractility, cardiac function, neural transmission, and clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of potassium in the body?

<p>Maintains the inside of the cell positive, important for protein synthesis, and acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Creatinine Kinase (CK)?

<p>Found in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain, and is a marker of muscle damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) in the liver?

<p>Released when hepatocytes break down</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)?

<p>Highest concentrations in the liver, biliary tract, and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Bilirubin?

<p>Orange-yellow pigment, by-product of Hb metabolism, eliminated via bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Albumin?

<p>Produced in the liver, essential for colloid osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the International Normalised Ratio (INR)?

<p>Standardizes the measurement of Prothrombin Time (PT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stimulus for the production and maturation of RBCs?

<p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin B12 and Folic acid in RBC production?

<p>Essential for RBC maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of RBCs at the end of their life span?

<p>Undergo apoptosis, releasing hemoglobin which is then recycled</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of anaemia?

<p>Iron deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of RBCs that carries oxygen to tissues?

<p>Haemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Complete Blood Examination (CBE)?

<p>To evaluate the overall health of an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of platelet production?

<p>Megakaryocyte cells in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of platelets to endothelial injury?

<p>They respond to endothelial injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

whats plates roles

<ol> <li>Adhesion: stop and glue to the injury site</li> <li>Activation: Change shape, expose receptors and signal!</li> <li>Aggregation: Connect to each other via receptors to form a plug This primary plug activates the coagulation cascade</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Haematocrit normal ranges

<p>Normal values: Males 45-55%, Females 35 45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Haemoglobin ranges

<p>Normal values: Males 130-160g/L, Females 120-150g/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

WCC

<p>Normal values: 4-12 x 10*9/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

Platelets normal ranges

<p>150-450 x 10*9/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

PT

<p>11-15S</p> Signup and view all the answers

International Normalised Ratio (INR)

<p>0.9-1.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

APTT

<p>30-40 S</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calcium

<p>Normal values: Ionised 1.1-1.3mmol/L, Serum Calcium 2.1-2.5mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

Creatinine Kinase (CK

<p>&lt;150</p> Signup and view all the answers

BUN

<p>&lt;10</p> Signup and view all the answers

Creatinine

<p>&lt;100</p> Signup and view all the answers

ALT,AST

<p>Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) &lt; 55 U/L Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) &lt; 45 U/L Released when hepatocytes break</p> Signup and view all the answers

ALP

<p>&lt;100</p> Signup and view all the answers

BILRUBIN

<p>&lt;25</p> Signup and view all the answers

ALBUMIN

<p>35-45</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

  • Produced in bone marrow, stimulated by erythropoietin
  • Vitamin B12 and folic acid are essential for RBC maturation
  • Life span of 100-120 days, undergo apoptosis, and release hemoglobin (Hb)
  • Haematocrit: percentage of overall blood volume composed of RBCs, normal values: Males 45-55%, Females 35-45%
  • Haemoglobin: carries oxygen to tissues, normal values: Males 130-160g/L, Females 120-150g/L

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

  • Produced in bone marrow (granulocytes and monocytes) and glandular tissues (lymphocytes)
  • 5 types of cells: polymorphonuclear neutrophils, polymorphonuclear eosinophils, polymorphonuclear basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
  • Lymphocyte life span: 4-8 hrs in blood, 4-5 days in tissues
  • White Cell Count: normal values: 4-12 x 10*9/L

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

  • Particles of megakaryocyte cells
  • Size: 1/5 of RBC
  • Respond to endothelial injury, fully replaced every 10 days
  • Normal value: 150-450 x 10*9/L
  • 3 roles: Adhesion, Activation, and Aggregation

Coagulation Studies

  • Prothrombin Time (PT): measures extrinsic pathway and clotting ability of factors I, II, V, VII, and X, normal values: 11-15 seconds
  • International Normalised Ratio (INR): standardizes PT measurement
  • Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT): measures effectiveness of common and intrinsic pathways, normal values: 30-40 seconds

Electrolytes

  • Calcium (Ca): essential for muscle contractility, cardiac function, neural transmission, and clotting, normal values: Ionised 1.1-1.3mmol/L, Serum Calcium 2.1-2.5mmol/L
  • Potassium (K): maintains cell positivity, important for protein synthesis, and acid-base balance, normal values: 3.5-4.5 mmol/L
  • Sodium (Na): most abundant ion in extracellular compartment, major determinant of intravascular osmolarity, helps regulate volemia, normal values: 135-145 mmol/L
  • Magnesium (Mg): mostly found intracellularly, critical for metabolic processes using ATP, increases intestinal absorption of Ca, and helps regulate Na/K ATPase pump, normal values: 0.7-1.0 mmol/L

Biochemistry

  • Creatinine Kinase (CK): enzyme found in heart, skeletal muscle, and brain, levels rise within 6 hours of damage, normal values: < 150 U/L
  • Urea (or Blood Urea Nitrogen, BUN): waste product of metabolized protein, excreted by the kidneys, normal values: < 10 mmol/L
  • Creatinine: catabolic product of creatine phosphate, excreted entirely by the kidneys, normal values: < 100 mmol/L

Liver Function

  • Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) < 55 U/L
  • Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) < 45 U/L
  • Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) < 100 U/L
  • Bilirubin: orange-yellow pigment, by-product of Hb metabolism, eliminated via bile, normal value < 25 U/L
  • Albumin: produced in the liver, essential for colloid osmotic pressure, normal value 35-45 U/L

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

  • Produced in bone marrow, stimulated by erythropoietin
  • Vitamin B12 and folic acid are essential for RBC maturation
  • Life span of 100-120 days, undergo apoptosis, and release hemoglobin (Hb)
  • Haematocrit: percentage of overall blood volume composed of RBCs, normal values: Males 45-55%, Females 35-45%
  • Haemoglobin: carries oxygen to tissues, normal values: Males 130-160g/L, Females 120-150g/L

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

  • Produced in bone marrow (granulocytes and monocytes) and glandular tissues (lymphocytes)
  • 5 types of cells: polymorphonuclear neutrophils, polymorphonuclear eosinophils, polymorphonuclear basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
  • Lymphocyte life span: 4-8 hrs in blood, 4-5 days in tissues
  • White Cell Count: normal values: 4-12 x 10*9/L

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

  • Particles of megakaryocyte cells
  • Size: 1/5 of RBC
  • Respond to endothelial injury, fully replaced every 10 days
  • Normal value: 150-450 x 10*9/L
  • 3 roles: Adhesion, Activation, and Aggregation

Coagulation Studies

  • Prothrombin Time (PT): measures extrinsic pathway and clotting ability of factors I, II, V, VII, and X, normal values: 11-15 seconds
  • International Normalised Ratio (INR): standardizes PT measurement
  • Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT): measures effectiveness of common and intrinsic pathways, normal values: 30-40 seconds

Electrolytes

  • Calcium (Ca): essential for muscle contractility, cardiac function, neural transmission, and clotting, normal values: Ionised 1.1-1.3mmol/L, Serum Calcium 2.1-2.5mmol/L
  • Potassium (K): maintains cell positivity, important for protein synthesis, and acid-base balance, normal values: 3.5-4.5 mmol/L
  • Sodium (Na): most abundant ion in extracellular compartment, major determinant of intravascular osmolarity, helps regulate volemia, normal values: 135-145 mmol/L
  • Magnesium (Mg): mostly found intracellularly, critical for metabolic processes using ATP, increases intestinal absorption of Ca, and helps regulate Na/K ATPase pump, normal values: 0.7-1.0 mmol/L

Biochemistry

  • Creatinine Kinase (CK): enzyme found in heart, skeletal muscle, and brain, levels rise within 6 hours of damage, normal values: < 150 U/L
  • Urea (or Blood Urea Nitrogen, BUN): waste product of metabolized protein, excreted by the kidneys, normal values: < 10 mmol/L
  • Creatinine: catabolic product of creatine phosphate, excreted entirely by the kidneys, normal values: < 100 mmol/L

Liver Function

  • Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) < 55 U/L
  • Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) < 45 U/L
  • Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) < 100 U/L
  • Bilirubin: orange-yellow pigment, by-product of Hb metabolism, eliminated via bile, normal value < 25 U/L
  • Albumin: produced in the liver, essential for colloid osmotic pressure, normal value 35-45 U/L

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Week 11 Blood Pathology PDF

Description

This quiz covers the process of red blood cell production and maturation, including the role of erythropoietin. Learn about the steps involved in producing healthy RBCs.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser