Process Synchronization and Critical-Section Problem Quiz

<p>Orderly execution of processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A problem that ensures the consistency of shared data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both software and hardware solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To introduce the concept of process synchronization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To solve process synchronization problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the orderly execution of cooperating processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The order of process/thread execution is non-deterministic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid race conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A section of code where shared data is accessed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A problem that occurs when there is concurrent access to shared data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semaphores</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable used to control access to a common resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wait and signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via system calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decrement the semaphore</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process synchronization = The concept of coordinating the execution of concurrent processes to ensure data consistency Critical-section problem = A situation where multiple processes access and manipulate shared data concurrently, resulting in data inconsistency Concurrency = The ability of a system to execute multiple processes or threads simultaneously Data inconsistency = A state that occurs when two or more processes access and manipulate shared data concurrently, leading to incorrect results</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data sharing = When processes need to access and manipulate the same data Computation speedup = When multiple processes can work on a problem simultaneously, reducing the overall execution time Modularity = When a complex task can be divided into smaller, more manageable processes Independence = When processes do not need to interact or share data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processes within a system may be independent or cooperative = Cooperativity of processes Maintaining data consistency requires mechanisms to ensure the orderly execution of cooperating processes = Data consistency Concurrent access to shared data may result in data inconsistency = Data inconsistency Processes can execute concurrently and may be interrupted at any time = Concurrency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutex = Software solution Semaphore = Software solution Test-and-Set = Hardware solution Compare-and-Swap = Hardware solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutex = A synchronization primitive used to protect shared resources from being accessed simultaneously by multiple processes Semaphore = A synchronization construct used to control access to a common resource by multiple processes Test-and-Set = A hardware primitive used to implement mutual exclusion in concurrent algorithms Compare-and-Swap = A hardware instruction used to implement atomic operations on shared memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical section = A section of code that accesses shared resources and must not be executed concurrently by multiple processes Process = A program in execution, including the current values of the program counter, registers, and variables Data consistency = The property that ensures that concurrent execution of a set of processes leaves the data in a consistent state Concurrency = The execution of multiple instruction sequences at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process synchronization = The coordination of concurrent processes to ensure data consistency Critical-section problem = A situation where multiple processes access and manipulate shared data concurrently, potentially leading to data inconsistency Mutex = A synchronization primitive that allows only one process at a time to access a shared resource Semaphore = A synchronization construct that allows a specified number of processes to access a shared resource concurrently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data inconsistency = A state that occurs when two or more processes access and manipulate shared data concurrently, leading to incorrect results Critical-section problem = A situation where multiple processes access and manipulate shared data concurrently, resulting in data inconsistency Process synchronization = The concept of coordinating the execution of concurrent processes to ensure data consistency Concurrency = The ability of a system to execute multiple processes or threads simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical section = A section of code that accesses shared resources and must not be executed concurrently by multiple processes Process = A program in execution, including the current values of the program counter, registers, and variables Data consistency = The property that ensures that concurrent execution of a set of processes leaves the data in a consistent state Concurrency = The execution of multiple instruction sequences at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process synchronization = The coordination of concurrent processes to ensure data consistency Critical-section problem = A situation where multiple processes access and manipulate shared data concurrently, potentially leading to data inconsistency Mutex = A synchronization primitive that allows only one process at a time to access a shared resource Semaphore = A synchronization construct that allows a specified number of processes to access a shared resource concurrently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Race Condition = When the outcome depends on the particular order in which instructions execute Critical Section = Section of code where shared data is accessed Entry Section = Code that requests permission to enter its critical section Mutual Exclusion = If process $P_i$ is executing in its critical section, then no other processes can be executing in their critical sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If more than one process wants to enter the critical section, the process that should enter the critical region first must be established. This is termed progress. = Progress A bound must exist on the number of times that other processes are allowed to enter their critical sections after a process has made a request to enter its critical section and before that request is granted. = Bounded Waiting When there is concurrent access to shared data and the final outcome depends upon the order of execution. = Race Condition The process can use to synchronize their activity so as to cooperatively share data. = Critical-Section Problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semaphore = A variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple threads and avoid critical section problems Synchronization = The coordination of the activities of two or more processes/threads that usually need to compete for resources in a mutually exclusive manner or cooperate in sequencing or ordering specific events Disable Interrupt = A hardware solution to the critical-section problem Cooperative processes = Processes that can execute simultaneously in a multiprocessing system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>wait(S) = An operation on a semaphore that is used to acquire a resource signal(S) = An operation on a semaphore that is used to release a resource Increment S = An operation on a semaphore that increases its value Decrement S = An operation on a semaphore that decreases its value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software Solutions = Synchronization tools that include semaphores, Peterson Algorithm, and monitors Hardware Solutions = Synchronization tools that include disable interrupt and atomic hardware instructions Semaphores = A software solution to the critical section problem, introduced by Dijkstra in 1965 Critical-Section Problem = The problem of designing a protocol that processes can use to synchronize their activity so as to cooperatively share data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Race Condition = The outcome depends on the particular order in which instructions execute Critical Section Problem = Process may be changing common variables, updating a table, or writing a file Semaphores = Implemented in the operating system kernel and the wait and signal operations are implemented as system calls Cooperative threads/processes = Can execute simultaneously in a multiprocessing system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synchronization = The coordination of the activities of two or more processes/threads that usually need to compete for resources in a mutually exclusive manner or cooperate in sequencing or ordering specific events Semaphore = A variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple threads and avoid critical section problems Race Condition = When the outcome depends on the particular order in which instructions execute Critical Section = Section of code where shared data is accessed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software Solutions = Synchronization tools that include semaphores, Peterson Algorithm, and monitors Hardware Solutions = Synchronization tools that include disable interrupt and atomic hardware instructions Semaphores = A software solution to the critical section problem, introduced by Dijkstra in 1965 Critical-Section Problem = The problem of designing a protocol that processes can use to synchronize their activity so as to cooperatively share data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Race Condition = The outcome depends on the particular order in which instructions execute Critical Section Problem = Process may be changing common variables, updating a table, or writing a file Semaphores = Implemented in the operating system kernel and the wait and signal operations are implemented as system calls Cooperative threads/processes = Can execute simultaneously in a multiprocessing system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synchronization = The coordination of the activities of two or more processes/threads that usually need to compete for resources in a mutually exclusive manner or cooperate in sequencing or ordering specific events Semaphore = A variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple threads and avoid critical section problems Race Condition = When the outcome depends on the particular order in which instructions execute Critical Section = Section of code where shared data is accessed</p> Signup and view all the answers