Problem Resolution Strategies Quiz

Naturally Fermented Solutions (NFS)

• NFS are organic concoctions and extracts
• Different types of NFS include:
  • Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) - Best for plants, best for microbes too
  • Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) - Power-packed health drink
  • Fish Amino Acid (FAA) - Fast-acting abono
  • Tea Manure (TM) - Micronutrient-packed liquid
  • Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) - Natural immune booster
  • Natural Calcium Phosphate Micro Nutrients (CALPHOS)
  • Natural Enzymes - Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS)
  • Indigenous Microorganism (IMO)

Fermentation

• Fermentation is the breakdown of matter into smaller components with the help of microbes.
• Benefits of fermentation include:
  • Increased nutritional value of food
  • Raw food preservation
  • Detoxification of toxic components
  • Improvement in digestibility
  • Preservation of enzymes and nutrients

Fermented Foods

• Fermented foods include atchara, kimchi, cheese, yogurt, and various types of pickles.

Safety of Fermented Foods

• Properly fermented vegetables are safer than raw vegetables.
• Lactic acid bacteria in fermentation are efficient at killing other bacteria.

Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ)

• FPJ is made from fast-growing plants, axillary buds, and young fruits.
• Plant materials are mixed with sugar or molasses, fermented for 7 days and then extracted and preserved.
• The liquid is applied to plant leaves and growing points on the soil and to compost heaps and animal bedding to promote microbial activities and fertilization.

Choosing Materials for FPJ

• Young and fresh materials are best
• Materials are free from insect pests, diseases, and chemical containments
• Materials should be abundant in the area

Materials for Making FPJ

• Kangkong, legumes, grasses
• Bamboo shoots, asparagus shoots, cucumbers, squash, melon, watermelon, ampalaya, other cucurbits
• Young leaves of trees and banana trunks
• Crude sugar or molasses
• Basin, ceramic pot or plastic pail, net bag or cloth bag, paper or cloth for cover, string, bolo, chopping board, marking pen.

Steps in Making FPJ

• Collect plant materials
  • Early in the morning while microorganisms are still present
  • Don't wash the plant materials
  • Cut for easy juice extraction
• Put chopped materials in a basin
  • Put chopped materials in a basin, add sugar, mix with hands
  • Add 3 kg chopped plant materials, add 1 kg crude sugar/molasses (1:1 ratio) mix thoroughly
• Put the mixture in a net bag or cloth bag
  • Ensure mixture is in a net bag or cloth bag to extract juice from all sides of the bag.
• Cover the pot or pail
  • Cover the pot/pail with paper or cloth and secure with string or rubberband to allow gas to escape
• Label the pots with names and dates
  • Write the dates of processing and harvesting.
• Store in a cool dry place
  • Store in a cool dry shady place. The storage area should be free from cockroaches or mice
• Extract the juice after 7 days
• Collect fermented extracts
  • Put into a dark colored glass jar.  Cover with cloth or paper to allow gas to escape during fermentation, store in a cool, shady place.

Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ)

• FFJ is made by blending sweet ripe fruits, fruits vegetables and root crops with crude sugar or molasses.
• The mixture is stored for a short time and then applied to plants to promote flowering and fruit setting.

Choosing Materials for FFJ

• Locally produced fruits, vegetables, and root crops  are best.
• Avoid using fruits that may have insect pests, diseases, or chemicals.

Materials for Making FFJ

• Locally produced sweet ripe fruits (mango, banana, papaya)
• Matured carrot; root crops (camote, cassava, gabi)
• Crude sugar or molasses
• Ceramic pots/plastic pail/basin, net bag or cloth bag, paper or cloth for cover, string, bolo, chopping board, and glass jars for storage.

Steps in Making FFJ

• Collect ripe fruits and vegetables
• Chop the materials into small pieces
• Mix materials with crude sugar/molasses
• Put mixture in a net bag or cloth bag
• Cover the pot/pail with paper or cloth
• Label with names and dates
• Store in a cool dry place, away from pests
• Extract the juice after 7 days
• Collect fermented extracts, store in a cool, shady place.

Fish Amino Acid (FAA)

• FAA is extracted and fermented from spoiled fish, fish trash (bones, head, internal organs and skin) with crude sugar.
• The mixture is fermented for 30 days, yielding an extract containing 90% nitrogen and 2.5% phosphorus.

Choosing Materials for FAA

• Spoiled fish and fish trash are best; Not fit for human consumption
• No need for chemical contamination
• Low cost-materials preferred, waste is ideal

Materials for Making FAA

• Spoiled fish and fish trash
• Crude sugar or molasses
• Ceramic pots/plastic pail/basin, wooden ladle, cloth for cover, string, marking pen, kitchen knife, chopping board, glass jars for storage.

Steps in Making FAA

• Collect fish wastes from markets, fish processing plants or ports.
• Chop collected materials for easy juice extraction
• Mix 3kg chopped materials with 3kg crude sugar/molasses (1:1 ratio) inside basin. Mix with ladle. Ensure all coated with sugar.
• Put mixture into glass jar or plastic pail, cover with cloth and secure with string.
• Write date of processing and expected harvest date on the cover.
• Store for 4 weeks in a cool, dry, shady place, well-protected from pests.
• Collect fermented extract and preserve in a dark colored glass jar, cover with paper; store in a cool, dark place.

Tea Manure (TM)

• TM is the resulting tea after soaking partially dried sheep, cow, or horse manure in water for one week.
• These contain major nutrients and trace elements; useful for trace element deficiencies

Materials Needed for TM

• One sack partially dried cow, carabao or horse manure
• Rainwater, underground water or unheated water
• 200 Liter capacity plastic drum

Steps in Making TM

• Collect partially dried cow, carabao or horse manure
• Put manure into a plastic or jute sack
• Place in 200 liter plastic drum, add weight (e.g. stone) to keep bag at the bottom
• Pour water over the manure tea bag, leaving 20% air gap; cover with cloth or net
• Soak for 1 week
• After 1 week, the tea will be dark brown and ready to use.

Uses and Rates of Application for TM

• As a foliar fertilizer, dilute with equal amount of water, spray weekly throughout the plant's growth stages
• As full strength or undiluted tea manure, apply as soil drench before planting
• Apply diluted TM, directly to soil to give micronutrients and energy to increase microbial activities

Oriental Herbal Nutrients (OHN)

• OHN are natural immune boosters.
• They enhance prevention of some plant diseases and provide nutrients and microelements.
• The manure from animals fed with OHN has a less foul odor, and the meat quality is improved.

Materials Needed for OHN

• Tools and Equipment: Plastic pail, wooden ladle, manila paper or cheese cloth, string or rubber bands, weighing scale, chopping board, knife, marker, strainer or nylon screen
• Raw Materials: Onion bulb, garlic, ginger, chili (optional), Panyawan (optional), neem seeds (optional), vinegar, molasses, gin (optional) (3:3:1:1 ratio)

Steps in Making OHN

• Prepare materials and ingredients
• Chop: onion, garlic, ginger into parts.
• Add: vinegar to pail and submerge the ingredients
• Cover: Cover with manila paper taped both sides
• Label: Date the label on the container.
• Place: Place in dry and cool area protecting from animals.
• Ferment: Ferment for 14 to 21 days.

Natural Calcium Phosphate (Calphos)

• Calphos is extracted from the bone of vertebrate animals, and it is essential for plant growth.
• This is a very useful source for micro nutrients.

Materials Needed for Making CALPHOS

• Pail, Manila paper, marker, masking tape, charcoal, steel screen, coconut vinegar, pig, cow bones, or fish bones (1:10 ratio)

How to Make CALPHOS

• Boil bones to take out meat and fats.
• Dry and broil bones till they turn charcoal black, then scrape off charred meat
• Burn bones at low temperature to remove organic substances.
• After burning, immerse the bones in coconut vinegar for 21 days to extract calcium phosphate.
• Put roasted eggshells into coconut vinegar. Cover the container with a paper towel.
• After 21 days extract the liquid part.

Water-Soluble Calcium (WCA)

• WCA is made from eggshells.
• The liquid extract is excellent for plant growth.

Materials Needed for Making WCA

• Pail, Manila paper, marker, masking tape, charcoal, steel screen, coconut vinegar, eggshells (1:10 ratio)

How to Make WCA

• Roast eggshells at low temperature.
• Pour roasted eggshells into coconut vinegar.
• Cover the container with a paper towel. Leave for 21 days
• Extract the liquid and put into a container. Store in a cool dry area. (Room temperature)

Indigenous Microorganism (IMO)

• IMO are microorganisms adapting and surviving within native soil environments
• IMO are primarily beneficial fungi, bacteria, and yeasts

Materials Needed for IMO #1

• Pail, manila paper, marker, masking tape, rice cooker, wooden tray
• Cooked/cooked rice.

How to Make IMO #1

• Cook a kilo of rice (preferably organic).
• Let cool.
• Place rice in a wooden, earthen, or ceramic container.
• Completely cover container with cloth or paper
• Leave for fermentation

How to Make IMO #2

• Mix IMO #1 and brown sugar (1:1 weight ratio).
• Transfer to a clay jar or pail. Fill 2/3
• Cover clay jar with paper and tie with rubber band.
• Keep in area with 23-25 degrees temperature.
• Ferment for 7 days. Should have a sweet odor; if not, make new batch.

How to Make IMO #3

• Materials: rice bran, IMO #2, nutrient liquid, OHN, FPJ, FFJ
• Methods: Maintain moisture level (6570%), temperature (4050°C), Stack IMO#3 evenly (13.7~15.7in), Fermentation (7 days), keep temperature at 15°C.
• Use a shade to keep out direct sunlight

How to Make IMO #4

• Materials: IMO #3 (soil mixture), OHN, FPJ, FFJ
• Methods: Mix IMO #3 with soil (1:1 ratio) in a pile 35~40cm high
• Let ferment for 7 days, at 40-50°C.
• Put the finished IMO on the surface of fields.

Using IMO

• Dilute IMO #2 1:1000 with water, applying to compost areas before planting.
• Dilute IMO #3 or #4 with 1:1000 with water, applying on the field before planting.

Preparing for Work

• Clean and sanitize work and storage areas
• Clean raw materials to remove synthetic chemicals
• Clean and sanitize tools, materials, and equipment
• Adhere to OHS personal hygiene procedures

Think Safety

• Wear personal protective equipment

Test your knowledge on effective problem-solving methods and the importance of communication in resolving issues. This quiz explores various strategies and their impacts on sustainable solutions. Challenge yourself to identify the most effective approaches.