Probability Theory Concepts

<p>It demonstrates that the relative frequency of an event converges towards its probability as the number of trials increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probabilistic Judgement aligns with Probability Theory in most cases, but can sometimes deviate due to human limitations. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sample Space represents the entire set of possible outcomes for any given event. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cues are evaluated in a sequence based on their validity for discrimination in the TTB model. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cognitive system can represent multiple judgments simultaneously until assessed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It alters the perceived value of options through complex representations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probability of an outcome and the associated gain or loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normative theory that advises how decisions should be made. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk aversion, favoring the certainty of known rewards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heuristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The alignment between behavior and optimal outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral outcomes relative to constraints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans intuitively understand Bayesian calculations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Successfully meeting goals under existing constraints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjunction fallacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires strong assumptions for empirical evidence to be valid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional influences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lacks specification of representations or algorithms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heuristic reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring choices are logically consistent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It considers the effectiveness of decisions based on environmental structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some biases can be adaptive in nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple heuristics to solve problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Define the goal or purpose behind the behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They influence behavior by affecting how well goals are achieved. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distinction between biases and errors is terminological. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have evolved to function well within specific environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heuristics provide speed and efficiency despite cognitive limitations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have evolved to optimize performance in typical environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a context-specific heuristic that may reflect adaptive decision-making. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It defines events as orthonormal vectors rather than subsets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assign probabilities to events using geometric projections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aligns more closely with human cognitive processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adaptation of cognitive processes to environmental contexts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a subset of the sample space. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantum cognition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heuristics may serve practical roles in certain decision contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantum theory sees outcomes as orthonormal vectors in a vector space. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cues are evaluated in a sequence based on validity to achieve discrimination.

Feedback aids in simple environments but may be unclear in complex ones.

Different from probability theory; it's about assessing probability in various contexts.

Calculated as favorable outcomes divided by total outcomes.

Two events that do not affect each other's occurrence probabilities.

The probability of an event happening given that another event has occurred.

Relative frequency of success converges to the probability as trials increase.

A state in quantum theory where a system can exist in multiple states until measured.

Mathematical frameworks using quantum formalism to understand human cognition and decisions.

A calculation to determine the average outcome of decisions based on probabilities.

A preference for certainty over potential higher rewards, leading to conservative choices.

How the presentation of information influences decision-making and value assessment.

A reasoning error where people believe that specific conditions are more probable than general ones.

A framework that examines why cognitive processes evolved for particular decision-making contexts.

The concept that cognitive processes are designed to perform well in specific environments.

Simple rules or mental shortcuts that help with decision making.

A theory using vectors and geometric projections for assigning probabilities to events.

Probability theory based on sets and subsets to define events and outcomes.

An event is defined as a subset of a sample space.

An event is defined as a subspace of a vector space.

A unit length vector that represents the state of a system in quantum probability.

The set of all possible outcomes in classical probability.

A theory focusing on logically consistent choices for decision-making.

Gingerenzer claims some decisions violate Rational Choice Theory but are rational in context.

Simple decision-making strategies that utilize cognitive limitations for efficiency.

Psychologists arguing that biases are errors, contrasting with Gigerenzer's views.

A collection of heuristics that help solve problems effectively using cognitive limits.

The first step in Rational Analysis, focusing on the purpose behind behavior.

Recognizing real-world limitations that influence behavior and choices.

The process of making choices to achieve goals within limitations such as time and information.

A method of making decisions based on likelihoods rather than certainties.

Evaluating whether actions taken effectively achieve goals within given constraints.

Mathematical techniques to update probabilities based on new evidence.

Data acquired through observation or experimentation used to support or refute claims.

The foundational beliefs necessary for rational analysis to explain observations.

Understanding the significance of tasks proposed within rational analysis frameworks.