PT110 Module 10 (2023) - More Mixing

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of signal flow in the context of mixing?

  • To manage only output signals
  • To manage only input signals
  • To only adjust the levels of tracks
  • To manage both inputs and outputs (correct)

In Pro Tools, an output can traditionally only be sent to a single destination.

True (A)

What is the term used in Pro Tools for sending an output to multiple destinations?

mirroring

To mirror an output in Pro Tools, you need to hold the ______ key on a Mac or the Start key on Windows while selecting additional outputs.

<p>Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of tracks can have their outputs mirrored in Pro Tools?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a limit to the number of mirrored output paths that can be simultaneously selected in Pro Tools.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give one example mentioned in the text of the use of mirroring the outputs of a track.

<p>routing a mix to both a 5.1 surround path and a stereo path</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following track types with their example mirroring use:

<p>Audio track = Routed to both a 5.1 surround path and a stereo path MIDI track = Routed to three Virtual Instruments on Auxiliary Input tracks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an asterisk (*) next to an Output Path selector indicate?

<p>At least one of the mirrored output paths is inactive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mirroring an output bus routes all tracks assigned to that bus to the same physical outputs.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key is held on Windows to select multiple output paths for a bus in the I/O Setup dialog box?

<p>Start key</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Sends Default to [#] dB preference, the default level is usually set to ______.

<p>-∞</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following send controls with their functions:

<p>Send Level Fader = Adjusts the level of the signal sent from the send Send Meter = Shows the level being sent Send Pan Controls = Determines the positioning of the signal being sent Send Mute = Enables you to mute the send's output</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can you adjust the pre/post fader status of a send?

<p>In the Expanded Sends view (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Expanded Sends view displays all available parameters for a selected send.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shortcut on Mac to show a send in expanded mode?

<p>Command key</p> Signup and view all the answers

In order to change a mirrored output to a single output path, just click the Output Path selector and choose an output path, holding no ______ keys.

<p>modifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you right-click in the Mapping to Output column of a bus and select an additional path?

<p>The menu closes after each selection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The track selector in a send's Output window allows you to show the Output window for any track in your session.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can you find the 'Sends Default to [#] dB' preference?

<p>Mixing tab in Preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sends route a copy of a signal on your track (after the ______) to another destination.

<p>inserts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Output Path selector = Used to route audio signals to a specific output in a track I/O Setup dialog box = Used to specify how an audio signal is routed to its destination Send Assignment button = Button for accessing the output window of a send Output Window button = Button for accessing the output window of a track</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using the 'Sends Default to -∞ dB' preference?

<p>To avoid feedback situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parameters can be automated using Auto Write mode?

<p>Volume, Pan, Sends and Plugin parameters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Auto Write mode only writes automation data when a parameter is physically touched during playback.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color does the track's Automation Mode selector turn when Write mode is engaged?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Pro Tools Preferences, the 'After Write Pass, Switch To' section has options for Touch, Latch, and ______.

<p>No Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Automation Window buttons with their corresponding functions:

<p>PLUG IN = Plug-in automation VOL = Main volume automation S VOL = Send volume automation PAN = Main pan automation S PAN = Send pan automation MUTE = Main mute automation S MUTE = Send mute automation OBJ/BUS = Object/bus output mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the SUSPEND button in the Automation window?

<p>To turn off all automation in your session (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'writing' automation refer to?

<p>Creating new automation using various modes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disabling a Write Enable button will prevent you from manually writing the corresponding data with edit tools such as the Pencil tool.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When pasting automation data, what is added at the beginning and end of the pasted selection?

<p>automation breakpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Auto Read mode will prevent any new automation from being written, even if a fader is accidentally touched.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Copying and pasting clips will also copy and paste all the ______ accompanying that clip.

<p>automation</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is Auto Off mode typically used?

<p>When you want to temporarily disable the motion of parameters on a track or compare a track with and without automation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Auto Touch and Auto Latch are known as the _______ modes.

<p>update</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is automation written in Auto Write Mode?

<p>As soon as playback begins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Automation window's Write Enable buttons affect the reading of automation data during playback.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the automation mode with its description:

<p>Auto Read = Plays back previously written automation Auto Off = Disables automation playback Auto Touch = Writes automation while a parameter is being adjusted, reverts to reading upon release Auto Latch = Writes automation while a parameter is being adjusted and continues writing after release until playback stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the default keyboard shortcut to open the Automation window on a Mac?

<p>Command+4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you move a fader in Auto Read mode when the automation line has only one breakpoint?

<p>The fader will not follow automation and stay where you positioned it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Auto Off mode displays a red line known as the Composite Playlist which indicates the level of the parameter

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key is held to display only the tracks within a specific group?

<p>Control or Start (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The red line in the track's automation playlist represents the ______ being written.

<p>automation data</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does AutoMatch Time control?

<p>The time it takes for a parameter to return to reading preexisting automation after release in Auto Touch mode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which automation mode is generally used for tweaking individual parameters rather than first passes?

<p>Both Touch and Latch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Mix or Edit Group must be active to use the track display technique involving Ctrl/Start key clicks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What modifier key is held to add another track group without hiding the currently visible one?

<p>Shift+Control or Shift+Start</p> Signup and view all the answers

The default AutoMatch Time value is ______ milliseconds.

<p>250</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the Target button in an Output window is active (red)?

<p>Any subsequently opened output window will replace the targeted window. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cutting/copying data from an automation playlist that only contains a single breakpoint at the beginning of a track will not add breakpoints when pasted.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which automation mode is the least used by many mix engineers?

<p>Auto Write (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Routing Folder combines the organizational power of a Basic Folder with the signal routing capabilities of an _________ track.

<p>Aux</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Output View Selector allows access to up to 12 sends per track.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Pre/Post Fader' button in a send's output window?

<p>To switch between pre-fader and post-fader send behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Auto Latch mode continues writing automation on a parameter even after the mouse is released until playback is stopped.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the track type with its description:

<p>Basic Folder = Primarily used for organizing tracks Routing Folder = Combines organization with signal routing Aux Input track = Traditional subgroup master before folders Audio Track = Tracks that contain audio</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you click the Delete button for whole-file clips?

<p>The whole-file clips and their associated audio files will be permanently removed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Touch/Latch automation?

<p>The main volume fader acts as if it is in Auto Touch mode, while all other parameters act as if they are in Auto Latch mode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the Automation Safe button is active (green), automation cannot be ______ to the output window's parameters.

<p>written</p> Signup and view all the answers

When dragging tracks into a routing folder will it automatically route the outputs of the tracks?

<p>No, it must be done manually (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Auto Touch mode, a new automation playlist line is colored ________

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

Right-clicking a selected track's nameplate and choosing 'Move To' is one way to move tracks into a Folder.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moving selected whole-file clips to the Trash also removes their associated audio files from the session.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following automation modes with their descriptions:

<p>Read = Plays back existing automation data, does not write new data. Touch = Writes automation while a control is being adjusted, returns to previous state once released Latch = Writes automation when a control is adjusted, remains active even when released. Write = Overwrites existing automation throughout playback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the default shortcut to clear selected clips in the Clips List on Windows?

<p>Shift+Ctrl+B</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a mix parameter is adjusted in Auto Touch mode, what happens when the mouse button is released?

<p>The parameter glides back to the preexisting automation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the FMP (Follow Main Pan) button do?

<p>It automatically mirrors the pan parameter of the main track on the send. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dialog box will appear when using the 'Move To' menu when adding tracks to a new folder?

<p>Move to New Folder</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Route Tracks to New Folder' check box will change the outputs of the member tracks and the ________ of the soon-to-be-created Routing Folder.

<p>input</p> Signup and view all the answers

After clearing unused clips, the next step is to ______ unused audio from the remaining files.

<p>compact</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Automation Safe function will prevent automation changes made using the pencil tool.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Reading Automation = Playing back previously written automation data Writing Automation = Creating new automation data when adjusting controls on a track AutoMatch Time = The time it takes for a parameter to revert to reading previously written automation after release in Auto Touch mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Link button in relation to panning in Pro Tools?

<p>To make the pan knobs for each channel move in concert when one is adjusted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conventional track type often used for subgroups in older sessions?

<p>Auxiliary Input (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the actions with their effects in the Clips List:

<p>Delete = Permanently remove whole-file clips and associated audio files Move to Trash = Remove clips from the session and move audio files to the Trash Remove = Remove clips from the session without deleting audio files Compact = Remove unused audio from selected clips' files</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Inverse Pan option moves the other pan control in ______ direction.

<p>reverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What option do you select from the submenu to select all clips in the Clips List?

<p>All (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which menu contains the 'Cut Special', 'Copy Special', and 'Clear Special' options?

<p>Edit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is not possible to convert an Auxiliary Input track to a Routing Folder Track

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Paste Special' > 'To Current Automation Type' option allows you to paste audio volume automation to MIDI volume.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Padding refers to the silent space added to the beginning and end of files during the compacting process.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can you find the 'Send Pans Default to Follow Main Pan' preference?

<p>In the Mixing tab of the preferences dialog box. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After converting an Aux track to a Routing Folder, will the signal routing be affected automatically?

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you Mute a Folder track, all tracks within will be _________.

<p>inaudible</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between 'Clearing' and 'Cutting' automation?

<p>Cutting automation creates breakpoints at the beginning and end of the selected area, while clearing automation removes breakpoints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using a stereo track, the pan controls are linked by default.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the default value of padding in milliseconds when compacting audio files?

<p>1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Output View Selector' provide access to?

<p>It allows access to a track's sends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using 'Paste Special' > 'Repeat to Fill Selection', the copied material will ________ to fill the pasted selected area.

<p>repeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it necessary to 'solo safe' a track?

<p>When using aux tracks as subgroups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The automation mode selector by default will display 'Auto ' or '', depending on track height.

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Match the following solo/mute actions with their expected outcome:

<p>Muting a Folder track = All tracks within become inaudible. Soloing a Folder track = All tracks within become audible unless muted. Soloing a member of Routing Folder = All tracks except the parent folder (and solo-safe'd tracks) will be muted</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you want to only cut plug-in automation from a selected area, which 'Cut Special' option should you choose?

<p>Plug-In Automation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the delete key will cut automation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shortcut allows you to delete all breakpoints in a selected automation area?

<p>Control + Delete (Mac); Start + Delete (Windows) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To nudge automation data later in time, you press the ____ key on the numeric keypad.

<p>plus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a 'Cut Special' option?

<p>To Current Automation Type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of suspending automation?

<p>Suspending automation allows you to temporarily disable the reading of automation without deleting it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Repeat to fill selection option only works with clips and not with automation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following keyboard shortcuts to their actions:

<p>Command+X (Mac) or Ctrl+X (Windows) = Cut Command+B (Mac) or Ctrl+B (Windows) = Clear Plus (+) key (Numeric) = Nudge Automation Later Minus (-) key (Numeric) = Nudge Automation Earlier</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you want to copy only pan automation, which 'Copy Special' option would you choose?

<p>Pan Automation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Paste Special' > ________ option is typically used on MIDI data

<p>merge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you click the SUSPEND button at the top of the Automation window?

<p>It turns off all automation in the session. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Changing a track's automation mode to 'Auto Off' suspends all automation on that specific track.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you selectively suspend individual automation parameters within a track?

<p>By holding Command/Ctrl and clicking the track view selector or automation lane selector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Holding _______ and suspending a parameter will suspend the same parameter on all tracks in your session.

<p>Option+Command (Mac) or Alt+Ctrl (Windows)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Mix Group icons with their descriptions:

<p>No icon = No member tracks are selected Circle icon = Some, but not all, member tracks are selected Dot icon = All members of the group are selected, and no others Dot with circle icon = All members of the group are selected, plus other tracks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Mix Groups?

<p>To link the movement of faders for multiple tracks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Group ID assigned to a Mix Group can be changed after the group is created.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When working in the Mix window, where is your keyboard focused when activating or deactivating groups?

<p>The Groups List.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only Group IDs in the first bank of letters can be activated or deactivated using your ________.

<p>keyboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each action to its behaviour:

<p>Click the group indicator = Reveals a pop-up menu with group actions and members Click the area to the left of the group name = Selects only the members of the group Holding Control/Start key while adjusting a fader = Temporarily suspends the group, allowing you to adjust a fader individually</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an uppercase Group ID in the Group Indicator signify?

<p>The track is a member of multiple active Mix Groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Holding the Control/Start key while adjusting a fader will cause all grouped faders to move together.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'clutch' concept using modifiers when working with groups?

<p>It temporarily suspends the group, allowing individual parameters to be adjusted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

To activate or deactivate a group, press the corresponding key on your _______.

<p>keyboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following modifier keys with their respective actions while automating audio:

<p>Command/Ctrl key (Mac/Windows) and click of the Track View selector = Suspends specific automation parameters within a track. Option+Command/Alt+Ctrl (Mac/Windows) and click of the selector = Suspends the same parameter on all tracks. Control/Start key (Mac/Windows) while adjusting a fader = Temporarily suspends the group, allowing isolated fader adjustment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of dither in digital audio?

<p>To offset the negative effects of reducing bit depth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dither should be applied regardless of the final bit depth of your mix.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When converting a solo-safe Auxiliary Input track into a Routing Folder track, what happens to the solo-safe status?

<p>It is removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

POW-r stands for Psychoacoustically Optimized Wordlength ___________.

<p>Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should a dither plug-in typically be placed on the Master Fader Track?

<p>Last insert (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sample rates have a bearing on when you should use dither.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of POW-r dither noise shaping is recommended for less stereophonically complex material, like solo instrument recordings?

<p>Type 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before performing destructive and irreversible steps on your session, what should you do to ensure you can revert to the initial file?

<p>Save a copy using 'Save Copy In'</p> Signup and view all the answers

When archiving, removing unused clips can make efficient use of your _________ space.

<p>storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

When archiving a session using 'Save Copy In,' what should you ensure is included in the copy?

<p>All of the session's audio and video files (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following POW-r Dither Noise Shaping Types with their recommended use:

<p>Type 1 = Less stereophonically complex material Type 2 = Greater stereophonic complexity Type 3 = Full-spectrum, wide-stereo field material</p> Signup and view all the answers

It's okay to send mastering engineers a mix with dither applied, as long as the bit depth and sample rate of your session are correct.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the keyboard shortcut to select unused clips in the clips list? (On Mac)

<p>Shift + Command + U (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do after performing irreversible procedures on a copy of your session before deleting the original files?

<p>Close and re-open the copy, and ensure it is playing back properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When working on a mix for mastering a mastering engineer will ideally want files with no ____ applied.

<p>dither</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Follow Main Pan button do when activated?

<p>Automatically mirrors the panning of the track (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Automation Safe button prevents all forms of automation changes on a track.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Audio Output Path Selector?

<p>To change the output of a send or track.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the Automation Safe button is active, automation cannot be _____ to the Output window's parameters.

<p>written</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which button allows you to protect automation from being accidentally overwritten?

<p>Automation Safe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the Inverse Pan button changes pan controls in the same direction for both channels.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does enabling the Link button do?

<p>Links the pan controls of a stereo track.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the Follow Main Pan is enabled, the send's pan controls will _____ the track's pan parameter.

<p>mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many automation modes are included in Pro Tools Studio?

<p>Six (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The default automation line for a newly created track is flat.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to send control when Follow Main Pan is active?

<p>You lose control over the send's pan settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ button is used to change a send's pre/post fader status.

<p>Pre/Post Fader</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Pro Tools features with their functions:

<p>Output View Selector = Accesses available sends. Automation Safe = Prevents automation overwriting. Inverse Pan = Reverses pan control adjustments. Link Button = Links pan controls for stereo tracks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Output Mirroring

The process of sending a track's output to multiple destinations, allowing for flexibility in routing and creating complex sound designs.

Control Key (Mac)/Start Key (Windows)

The key used to select multiple outputs, including internal or interface paths, when mirroring a track's output.

Output Path Selector

The pop-up menu that appears when clicking the Output Path selector of a track, displaying available output destinations.

Mirroring a Track's Output

Sending the output of an Audio, Auxiliary Input, Instrument, or MIDI track to multiple outputs using the Control/Start key.

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Mirroring a Bus Output

Sending the output of a bus to multiple destinations, allowing for parallel processing and creative mixing possibilities.

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Mirroring Bus Outputs

Using the Control/Start key to select multiple outputs for a bus, allowing for a simultaneous output to various destinations.

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Subgrouping with Aux Tracks

The process of combining multiple signals, such as sending multiple tracks to an auxiliary input track, for creating complex sound textures and layers.

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Mix Groups

A powerful tool for audio mixing, combining tracks and buses into groups for organized processing and efficient volume control.

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Mirrored Track Outputs

A track can have multiple output paths, indicated by a plus (+) icon next to the Output Path selector.

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Inactive Mirrored Output

A mirrored output path with an asterisk (*) indicates that at least one of the mirrored paths is inactive.

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Converting Mirrored Output

To change a mirrored output to a single output path, click the Output Path selector, select an output path, and choose an output as normal.

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Mirrored Output Bus

Mirroring an output bus routes all tracks assigned to that bus to the physical outputs the bus is mapped to.

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Mirroring Output Busses in I/O Setup

The I/O Setup dialog box allows you to mirror output busses, similar to mirroring track outputs.

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Mirroring Output Bus Using Modifier Keys

Holding the Control key (Mac) or Start key (Windows) while selecting output paths in the Mapping to Output column mirrors the output bus. You can add and remove paths individually.

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Right-Click Mirroring

Right-clicking in the Mapping to Output column of a bus and selecting an additional path mirrors the output bus, allowing you to add multiple output paths.

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Mirrored Bus Output Indication

When a bus' output is mirrored, the different output paths in the Mapping to Output column are separated by commas.

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Sends in Signal Flow

Sends route a copy of a signal on a track (after inserts) to another destination (output or another track).

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Sends Default Level Preference

The Sends Default to [#] dB preference in Pro Tools Preferences helps avoid feedback by setting a default send level.

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Expanded Sends View

Expanded Sends view provides immediate access to send parameters, showing all sends in a specific position.

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Send Level Fader

The Send Level Fader adjusts the level of the signal sent from a send.

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Send Meter

The Send Meter shows the levels being sent from a send.

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Send Pan Controls

The Send Pan Controls determine the positioning of the signal being sent from a send.

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Send Mute

The Send Mute button mutes the send's output, preventing any signal from being sent.

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Auto Touch

Automation mode where changes to mix parameters are written to the automation lane as the track plays, but only while the parameter is being adjusted.

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Auto Latch

Automation mode where changes to mix parameters are written to the automation lane and remembered even after you release the control.

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AutoMatch Time

This setting determines how quickly a parameter returns to reading automation after being adjusted in Auto Touch mode.

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Auto Read

The automation mode that is active by default on new tracks. It reads any existing automation written to the track, automatically moving mix parameters according to the automation data.

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Auto Off

Automation mode that disables the reading of automation data during playback. This allows you to use a track without any automated parameter changes.

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Touch/Latch

A combined automation mode where the main volume fader behaves like Auto Touch and all other parameters behave like Auto Latch.

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Automation Lane

The visual representation of automation events on a track. It shows the automation data written to the track, allowing you to see how the mix parameters change over time.

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Automation Breakpoint

A point on the automation lane that marks a specific value or change in a mix parameter over time.

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Writing Automation

A term used to describe the process of creating or setting automation on a track. It implies actively writing or changing the automation data.

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Reading Automation

The term used to describe the reading and playback of written automation, allowing the mix parameters to change according to the automation data.

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Read Mode

A specific mode of automation that reads any existing automation written to the track and follows the automation data during playback.

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Auto Write

Automation mode that is designed to be used for writing automation data. This mode is less commonly used in many mix engineers' workflows.

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Composite Playlist

The blue line that appears on a track in Auto Off automation mode, representing the current level of the parameter.

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Target Button

A button in an Output window that, when activated, makes newly opened Output windows replace the targeted window and deactivates when opened windows open without replacement.

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Output View Selector

A button in a track that allows switching between sends without closing the window.

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Audio Output Path Selector

A selector that displays the output of a send or track, allowing you to change it by clicking and choosing from a menu.

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Pre/Post Fader

A button that allows you to switch a send to pre-fader mode when active.

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Follow Main Pan (FMP)

A feature that automatically mirrors the pan parameter of a track on a send, ensuring consistency in panning between the track and the send.

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Pan Controls

Independent pan controls for each channel in a multichannel track, allowing for precise control of a channel's position in the stereo field.

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Link Button

A button that links the pan controls of a multichannel track, so moving one pan knob moves the other in sync. This ensures consistent stereo width when panning a multichannel track.

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Inverse Pan Button

A button that links the pan controls of a multichannel track, but moves the second knob in the opposite direction of the first. This inverts the panning of the track.

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Write Automation Mode

A mode that allows you to capture fader, pan, and other parameter movements in real time as the project plays, providing a live way to create automation.

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Edit Tools Automation Mode

A mode that allows you to create automation using editing tools, providing more control over precise automation points.

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Read/Auto Read Automation Mode

A mode that allows you to read automation that has already been recorded, but does not allow for edits to the existing automation.

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Touch/Latch Automation Mode

A mode that allows you to edit automation points when touched, providing a way to interact with automation actively.

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Mix Automation

The process of using automation to change parameters like volume and pan over time, giving a mix dynamic character and personality.

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Auto Write Mode

A Pro Tools mode that writes automation data for all enabled parameters (volume, pan, sends, and plug-in parameters) as soon as playback starts.

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After 'Write' Pass, Switch To

A Pro Tools preference that allows you to choose the automation mode to switch to after stopping playback in Auto Write mode.

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Touch

A Pro Tools preference option that automatically changes the automation mode to Auto Touch mode when playback is stopped from Auto Write mode.

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Latch

A Pro Tools preference option that automatically changes the automation mode to Auto Latch mode when playback is stopped from Auto Write mode.

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No Change

A Pro Tools preference option that keeps the automation mode in Auto Write mode even after playback is stopped.

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Automation Window

A Pro Tools window offering controls for managing automation in your session, including enabling specific parameter types.

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SUSPEND button

A button in the Automation window that turns off all automation in your session, making all tracks behave as if they were in Auto Off mode.

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Write Enable Buttons

Buttons in the Automation window affecting whether specific types of automation (like volume or pan) can be written in your session.

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PLUG IN button

A button that controls whether plug-in settings in your session can be written.

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VOL button

A button that controls whether main volume automation data can be written.

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S VOL button

A button that controls whether send volume automation data can be written.

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PAN button

A button that controls whether main pan automation data can be written.

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S PAN button

A button that controls whether send pan automation data can be written.

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MUTE button

A button that controls whether main mute automation data can be written.

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S MUTE button

A button that controls whether send mute automation data can be written.

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Cut Special (Automation)

A special type of editing that impacts only a specific type of automation, such as volume, pan, or plug-in automation. This allows for targeted manipulation of automation data.

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Copy Special (Automation)

A special type of editing that impacts only a specific type of automation, allowing you to copy only the desired type of automation.

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Paste Special > To Current Automation Type (Automation)

A special type of editing that allows you to paste automation to a track with different automation types. For example, you can paste volume automation onto a pan automation lane.

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Paste Special > Merge (MIDI)

A special type of editing that allows you to paste MIDI data without overwriting existing data within the selected area.

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Paste Special > Repeat to Fill Selection

A special type of editing that allows you to repeat copied material to fill a longer selection. This can apply to clips, notes, automation, etc.

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Clear Special (Automation)

A special type of editing that allows you to remove only a specific type of automation data from a selected area.

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Clear Automation (Automation)

A powerful tool for automation that allows you to remove all automation breakpoints within a selected area. Think of erasing a section of automation data.

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Cut Automation (Automation)

A powerful tool for automation that allows you to remove all automation breakpoints within a selected area, but creates new breakpoints at the beginning and end of the selection. Think of cutting a piece of automation data and moving it to the clipboard.

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Nudging Automation (Automation)

A way to move automation data by a specific amount. Think of nudging a line or a point slightly forward or backward.

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Suspending Automation (Automation)

A way to temporarily disable automation from being applied to a track, allowing you to listen to the audio without the automation affecting the sound. Think of turning off the automation switch.

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Clearing Automation (Automation)

The process of removing all automation breakpoints within a selected area, resulting in a straight line with only the first and last breakpoints remaining.

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Cutting Automation (Automation)

The process of removing all automation breakpoints within a selected area, creating new breakpoints at the beginning and end of the selection. Think of cutting a piece of data and moving it to the clipboard.

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Automation Types (Automation)

Different types of automation in Pro Tools, including volume, pan, and plug-in automation. Each type affects a specific aspect of the audio signal.

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Automation Breakpoint (Automation)

The position where the automation starts and ends. Imagine marking the beginning and end of a section of automation data.

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Remove (Clips List)

Removes unused clips from your session, but does not permanently delete associated audio files.

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Delete (Clips List)

Permanently removes selected whole-file clips and their associated audio files. Subset clips associated with the deleted whole-file clips are also removed.

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Move to Trash (Clips List)

Removes whole-file clips from your session and moves associated audio files to the computer's Trash bin. Subset clips associated with the deleted whole-file clips are also removed, but files remain.

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Compact (Clips List)

Removes unused audio from the remaining audio files in the Clips List, making the session more efficient.

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Padding (Compact)

Similar to "handles" in AudioSuite, padding allows for future operations like trimming or fading without clipping.

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Padding Value (Compact)

Determines the amount of padding that will be added at the beginning and end of each file when compacting.

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Default Padding Value (Compact)

The default value for padding is one second at the beginning and end of each file.

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Compacting Files

The process of removing unused audio from larger files that contain parts not used in your session.

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Suspending Automation

Temporarily disables all automation for one or more tracks.

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Suspending Specific Parameters

Allows you to selectively disable automation for individual parameters on a track, letting you adjust others.

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Group ID

A unique letter assigned to a Mix Group, enabling its quick activation and deactivation.

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Group ID Keyboard Activation

Allows you to activate and deactivate a Mix Group using the corresponding keyboard key.

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Group Membership

Allows tracks to be part of multiple Mix Groups, providing flexibility in grouping and control.

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Group Indicator

Displays the Group ID of a track within an active Mix Group, indicating its membership.

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Mix Group Icons

Visual cues that display the selection status of tracks within a Mix Group.

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Group Selection

Allows you to quickly select all tracks within a Mix Group by clicking the space to the left of the group name.

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Clutching a Group

Temporarily suspends the linking of faders within a Mix Group while holding down a modifier key.

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Clutching a Group

The process of temporarily disabling a Mix Group, enabling individual parameter control.

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Showing Group Members

Provides a quick overview of the tracks within a Mix Group, facilitating navigation.

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Circle Icon

A visual cue indicating that some but not all members of a Mix Group are selected.

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Dot Icon

A visual cue indicating that all members of a Mix Group are selected, and no others.

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Dot with a Circle Icon

A visual cue indicating that all members of a Mix Group are selected along with other tracks.

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Routing Folder

A folder track that combines the organizational benefits of a "Basic Folder" with the signal routing capabilities of an "Aux track." It allows you to group and route multiple tracks to a single track for mixing purposes.

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Move to New Folder

A method for creating a Routing Folder track, moving tracks into it, and automatically configuring input and output connections. This simplifies subgroup creation, saves time, and ensures correct signal routing.

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Convert Aux to Routing Folder

A method for converting an existing "Aux" track into a "Routing Folder" track. This allows you to utilize the organizational benefits of folders in older projects.

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Dither

A type of noise added to digital audio to minimize the negative effects of reducing bit depth, like when converting a 24-bit session to a 16-bit file.

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Folder Track Solo/Mute Behavior

When a folder track is muted, all the tracks within it become inaudible. However, when a folder track is soloed, only its member tracks that are not muted become audible.

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Dithering

A process used in mastering to add dither to audio, typically done at the final stage when the audio is being prepared for distribution.

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Manually Moving Tracks to Folders

A method for manually dragging tracks into a "Basic Folder" or "Routing Folder." It's a simple way to organize your tracks, but you'll need to manually connect inputs and outputs to create a subgroup.

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Dither Plug-in

A plug-in that applies dither to audio, helping to improve the quality of the audio when reducing bit depth.

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Routing Folder Solo Safe

Using Routing Folders as subgroup masters eliminates the need for "solo safe" settings. This is a convenient feature of Folder tracks.

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Bit Resolution Selector

The feature that allows you to choose the final bit depth for your audio, for example, 16-bit or 24-bit, when using a dither plug-in.

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Member Tracks

Tracks within a Routing Folder are considered "member tracks." These tracks are grouped and their outputs are routed to the Routing Folder track.

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Noise Shaping

A technique used in dithering to subtly shape the noise, making it less noticeable to the human ear.

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Noise Shaping Type 1

A specific type of noise shaping that distributes the noise more evenly across the frequency spectrum, recommended for simpler audio.

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Noise Shaping Type 2

A more sophisticated type of noise shaping that is specifically optimized for audio with greater stereo complexity.

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Viewing Group Member Tracks

Using a combination of "Control" (Mac) or "Start" (Windows) keys with clicks on a mix group's name allows you to selectively view only the member tracks within that group.

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Selectively Viewing Group Members

This technique allows you to view more than one group at once while keeping other tracks hidden. You can quickly switch between groups and navigate your session efficiently.

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Noise Shaping Type 3

A type of noise shaping designed for audio with a wide stereo field and full-spectrum sounds, offering the most advanced noise shaping option.

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Basic Folder

A type of folder that allows you to organize your tracks for mixing. It's simpler than a Routing Folder and primarily focused on grouping.

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Clearing Unused Clips

The process of clearing unused clips and their corresponding audio files from a session, improving storage efficiency and organization.

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Clips List

The list that shows all the audio and MIDI clips used in your session, including those that are not currently on the timeline.

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Select Submenu

A submenu in the Clips List that allows you to select various types of clips for clearance. Useful when archiving and cleaning up a session.

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Clear Unused Clips Shortcut

The default shortcut to clear unused clips, saving you keystrokes and streamlining the process.

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Archiving Workflow

A workflow step that involves removing unnecessary clips and their associated audio files from a session, optimizing storage space and session efficiency.

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Save Copy In

A feature that creates a complete copy of your session, including all audio and video files, providing a safe backup and allowing for experimentation without affecting the original session.

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Study Notes

Pro Tools 101 - Lesson 10: More Mixing

  • Mirroring Outputs: Sending a track or bus's output to multiple destinations.

  • Mirroring a Track:

    • Use Control key (Mac) or Start key (Windows) while selecting desired outputs in the output path selector.
    • There's no limit to the number of output paths that can be simultaneously selected.
    • Can mirror audio, auxiliary input, instrument, or MIDI tracks.
    • A plus (+) icon indicates multiple outputs; an asterisk (*) indicates at least one inactive mirrored output.
  • Mirroring an Output Bus:

    • Done in the I/O Setup dialog box (Setup menu > Bus tab).
    • Select additional output paths for a bus while holding Control/Start or right-clicking in the Mapping to Output column.
    • Multiple paths are separated by a comma in the Mapping to Output column.

Exploring Sends

  • Send Level Preferences:

    • Enables setting a default send level at creation in Pro Tools Preferences (Setup > Preferences > Mixing tab).
    • Default is -∞ dB. Recommended to prevent feedback.
  • Expanded Sends View:

    • Shows sends' parameters (level, meter, pan, mute, pre/post fader) at a glance.
    • Access expanded sends by selecting the corresponding option in View menu or by using Command/Ctrl+click on the send icon.

Using Output Windows

  • Output Windows:

    • Show send or track's output details.
    • Accessed by clicking the send's Assignment or track's Output Window button.
    • The Track Selector button shows session tracks.
    • Target controls whether new output windows replace others.
    • Output View Selector shows available sends.
    • Audio Output Path Selector lets you change send/track's output.
    • Pre/Post Fader changes send behavior.
  • Automation Safe: Protects automation from accidental overwrite. Active mode is shown in green.

  • Follow Main Pan (FMP): Automatically mirrors track's pan settings to sends.

    • Enabled/Disabled from Pro Tools Preferences > Mixing tab.
  • Panning Options:

    • Independent pan controls for each channel of a multichannel track.
    • Link button synchronizes pan movements.
    • Inverse Pan button reverses pan movements.

Automation Modes

  • Automation modes: Determine how faders, pan, mute, sends, and plugin parameters are written.

  • Auto Read: Reads existing automation. Useful after automation is complete. Accidental touches don't write data.

  • Auto Off: Disables automation reading, useful for comparisons. Displays a blue composite playlist line.

  • Auto Touch: Writes automation only when changing a parameter, reverting to reading automation when released.

  • Auto Latch: Similar to Auto Touch, but the parameter stays at the adjusted value until playback stops.

  • Touch/Latch: Combines both, with volume in Touch mode and other parameters in Latch mode.

  • Auto Write: Writes automation for all parameters when playback starts, whether the parameter is touched or not. Useful for initial automation passes.

  • AutoMatch Time: Control how quickly a parameter returns to reading automation after being adjusted (in Pro Tools preferences).

  • Automation Window: Displays automation data, lets you control automation suspension and enable/disable specific parameters (e.g., volume, pan).

Editing Automation

  • Cut, Copy, Paste: Can be used for automation, with special methods for specific automation types (e.g., pan automation).

  • Special Cut, Copy, Paste and Clear: Offers specialized options for cutting, copying, pasting (e.g., Merge, Repeat to Fill Selection).

  • Clear vs. Cut: Clearing removes automation data in a selected area, while cutting removes breakpoints and adds new breakpoints at the start and end of the selected area.

  • Nudging Automation: Adjusting automation breakpoints' position using keyboard shortcuts.

  • Suspending Automation: Disables automation reading for all tracks, or for specific parameters on individual tracks.

Mix Groups

  • Mix Groups (Fader Groups): Link fader and automation movements within a Group.
    • Created similarly to Edit Groups, through the Groups List pop-up menu or Command/Ctrl +G.
    • Important to Use custom Group IDs.
    • Use keyboard shortcuts to activate/deactivate groups.
    • Can have members of multiple active groups.
    • Tools to quickly show/hide group members (using Control/Start + click).
    • "Clutching" a group suspends the group's actions, allowing individual parameter changes.

Mixing with Folder Tracks

  • Moving Tracks to Folders: Moving tracks to a Routing Folder via Right click > Move to > New folder > check box to route tracks.

  • Converting Auxiliary Input to Routing Folder: Easily convert old Auxiliary Input tracks to Routing Folder tracks.

  • Folder Tracks and Solo/Mute Behavior:

    • Mute a folder, mutes all sub-tracks.
    • Solo a folder, makes all sub-tracks audible (except muted tracks).

Finishing Touches

  • Dither: Low-level noise added to digital audio when reducing bit depth. (e.g. 24 to 16 bit).

    • Important when final product is at lower bit depth than original.
  • Archiving Tips:

    • Save a copy of your session, then clear unused clips/clips. Then compact remaining files.

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