Printmaking techniques

• Printmaking: An artistic process that allows for the creation of multiple impressions or copies from a single plate.

Requirements for a Print

• Matrix: A plate crafted by artists to form the basis of prints.
• Ink: The liquid medium applied to the matrix for creating the print.
• Paper: Laid against the inked matrix to receive the impression.
• Press: A tool used to apply pressure between the matrix and the paper, though some prints are hand-pressed.

Relief

• The matrix is carved so the high point holds the ink, with non-printing areas carved away.
• The matrix is typically made of wood or another soft material.
• Ink is applied to the matrix surface.
• Carved areas do not receive ink and appear white, while uncut areas appear dark.
• Wet paper is applied and run through a printmaking press or hand-pressed.
• The ink transfers to the paper.
• A woodblock is an example of Matrix

Intaglio

• Term for engraving from the Italian language.
• The area to be printed is incised into the plate.
• The matrix is etched or engraved and is often metal.
• Ink is applied to the matrix surface.
• Excess ink is wiped away, leaving ink in the grooves to create the dark image areas.
• Wet paper is applied and run through a printmaking press.
• The ink transfers to the paper.
• A metal plate is an example of Matrix

Metal Engraving

• Fine tools are used to carve into the plate.
• Etching uses an acid based technique to cut into the plate.

Drypoint

• A stylus is used to draw directly onto the plate.

Mezzotint

• A tool creates an even, textured surface.
• The surface is then smoothed where the artist desires lighter portions.

Lithography

• A printmaking process done on a "flat surface".
• A design is drawn onto a flat stone or prepared metal plate and affixed through a chemical reaction.
• Lithography uses oil in the oil method and chemical processes.
• Lithography is long-lasting and holds detail similar to a charcoal drawing.
• Limestone is an example of Matrix

Screenprint

• A technique where a mesh transfers ink onto the surface, with select areas blocked by an emulsion.
• A mesh is prepared in a frame.
• An emulsion is spread on top.
• Ultra violet light exposes the emulsion, hardening select areas.
• Remaining emulsion is washed away.
• Ink is pushed through to the surface.

Monotype

• Is a type of printmaking made by drawing or painting on a smooth, non-absorbent surface.
• Is flat printing.
• Inks are added and wiped away with solvent
• Paper is pressed onto the surface.
• "One of a kind” prints are created, since there is not a true matrix
• May be run through the press for additional colors and details.

Qualities of Prints

• Multiple copies are made from a single plate.
• The plate is always the reverse of the intended final image.
• Less expensive materials, like paper and inks, are generally used.
• Versatile in appearance for text, imagery, black and white, color, and various levels of detail and expression.
• A variety of print types exist for each use.
• Relief examples are woodcut, wood engraving, and linocut.
• Intaglio examples etching, metal engraving, and drypoint.
• Mezzotint and aquatint are other examples.
• Lithography uses stone with chemical process.
• Screenprint uses mesh screen with UV emulsion.
• Monotype uses clear plexiglass.