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Questions and Answers
What characterizes habitual buying behavior?
Which type of buying behavior involves trying different brands out of curiosity?
What role does packaging primarily play in impulse buying?
What is an essential step in the design thinking process that focuses on understanding user needs?
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What is a common characteristic of limited decision making in consumer behavior?
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Which of the following components must be included in a meaningful problem statement?
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What is the ideal balance to achieve during the ideation phase?
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During the prototyping phase, what should be created to aid in the development process?
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When testing a product, what is a critical question to ask regarding the prototype?
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What is a potential consequence of being too specific when defining a problem?
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What should packaging professionals alert the graphics team about regarding structural die lines?
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Which of the following is NOT an aspect of offset lithography?
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What characterizes rotogravure printing compared to other methods?
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Which printing method is most rapidly growing and commonly used for flexible packaging?
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What role does a doctor blade play in the rotogravure printing process?
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Which characteristic does not apply to offset lithography?
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In screen printing, how is the ink applied to the substrate?
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What is NOT a feature of digital printing?
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What is the primary function of registration marks in printing?
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Which of the following accurately describes spot colors in printing?
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What is a characteristic of aqueous coating?
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Which statement best describes the difference between glossy and matte finishes?
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What is a key feature of flood varnishes in printing?
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What distinguishes spot varnishes from flood varnishes?
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CMYK stands for which of the following colors?
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Why is the use of UV varnish significant in printing?
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What is a consequence of crushing flutes in corrugated board during the printing process?
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Which type of e-commerce occurs when a business sells goods to individual consumers?
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What challenge can arise from the display of colors and prints on different screens in e-commerce?
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What reduces the likelihood of impulse purchases in e-commerce?
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What is a primary opportunity of intelligent packaging?
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Which e-commerce model involves a consumer selling their products to a business?
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Cold chain shipping is essential for items that must:
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What is a common characteristic of the consumer focus in e-commerce?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of e-commerce?
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What must packaging innovations positively impact?
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Study Notes
Printing Basics
-
Color Separation:
- Only one color is printed at a time.
- Color images require multiple printing steps using different printing stations.
- Generally, CMYK (process colors) are used, but spot colors can also be employed.
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Registration:
- Colors must align correctly for proper image formation.
- Registration marks help ensure accurate alignment of printing plates.
- The center of the registration mark serves as the origin point.
- Spot Colors: Offer greater precision compared to process colors.
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Varnishes and Coatings:
- Protect the substrate from scuffing, scratching, moisture, and chemicals.
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Varnishes:
- UV-cured varnishes are liquid clear coatings dried with UV lamps, offering the most dramatic contrast and superior durability compared to aqueous coatings.
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Coatings:
- Aqueous coatings are water-based, dry quickly, are cost-effective, resist fingerprints, and enhance print durability.
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Progression of Finishes:
- Glossy: Smooth, shiny surface.
- Matte: Dull, flat surface without shine.
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Flood Varnishes:
- Cover the entire press sheet, requiring no plate.
- Can be glossy or matte, but not a combination of both.
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Spot Varnishes:
- Applied only to a portion of the package, requiring a special plate.
- Treated as an additional color.
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Importance of Print Specifications:
- Packaging professionals must communicate printing details to graphics teams:
- Number of colors (process or spot)
- Print mark placement
- Varnish/coating requirements
- Packaging professionals must communicate printing details to graphics teams:
-
Press Runs:
- Packaging professionals must check color on the first run, help optimize ink, agree on standards, and provide approvals.
Printing Processes
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Offset Lithography (Litho):
- Images are produced photographically, with inked areas accepting oil-based ink.
- The offset technique involves transferring the image from a plate to a rubber blanket then to the printing surface.
- Most common type of printing for packaging components.
- Advantages:
- High quality
- High speed
- Disadvantages:
- Large capital investment
- Long cycle times
- Slow drying
- High labor requirements
-
Rotogravure:
- Rotary configuration of gravure printing.
- Ink is held in "wells" and directly transferred to the substrate.
- Printing plate is a cylinder.
- Doctor blade removes excess ink.
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Flexography:
- Flexo plates are attached to the printing cylinder with adhesive tape.
- Ink is metered onto the plates using an anilox roll.
- Most rapidly growing printing process, used for flexible packaging, folding cartons, and labels.
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Screen Printing:
- Ink is forced through a fine mesh screen onto the substrate.
- Covered areas of the mesh control ink application.
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Digital Printing:
- Uses inkjet or toner to apply ink to substrate guided by a computer.
Packaging for E-Commerce
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E-Commerce: Buying and selling goods and services using the internet, with online money transfer and data exchange.
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Main Types of E-Commerce:
- Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
- Business-to-Business (B2B)
- Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
- Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
- Example categories: retail, wholesale, dropshipping, crowdfunding, subscriptions.
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Main Types of E-Commerce:
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E-Commerce Branding Challenges:
- On-screen colors and prints can vary across devices.
- Significant proportion of shoppers browse non-retailer websites.
- Ensuring damage-free delivery is crucial.
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E-Commerce Effects:
- Reduction in impulse purchases due to deliberate online shopping.
- User interface replaces physical packaging for visuals.
- Shoppers focus heavily on the top third of the webpage, especially for mobile devices.
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E-Commerce Grocery Challenges:
- Food safety
- Brand recognition and loyalty
- Product protection
- Solution: Intelligent packaging with sensors that monitor package environment and communicate information to the consumer.
Packaging Innovations and Technologies
- Packaging Innovation: Positive impact on business, technology, and people.
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Factors Influencing Purchase Decisions:
- Selection
- Impulse buys:
- Unplanned purchases made in-store.
- Packaging's role is to attract attention and drive impulse purchases.
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Design Thinking:
- Divergent Thinking: Exploring possibilities.
- Convergent Thinking: Deciding on a course of action.
- Iterative Process: Repeating the design process to improve outcomes, with each step building on the previous one.
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The Design Thinking Process:
- Empathize: Understanding users' needs, thoughts, emotions, and motivations.
- Define: Creating a clear and actionable problem statement based on empathy insights.
- Ideate: Generating a variety of ideas for concepts and solutions.
- Prototype: Iteratively developing samples to answer questions and refine ideas.
- Test: Gathering feedback from users to test and improve solutions.
Counterfeit Products
- Counterfeiting involves producing copies that pass as originals, often through legitimate supply chains.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of printing including color separation, registration, spot colors, and various finishes. Understand the differences between CMYK and spot colors, as well as the properties of varnishes and coatings used in the printing process.