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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the print bed in a printer?
What is the primary purpose of the print bed in a printer?
- It acts as a platform where heated filament will form the object. (correct)
- It dispenses heated filament for the object to form.
- It serves as the routing area for printer cables.
- It is the area where printer drivers are installed.
Which step is essential before connecting a printer to a computer?
Which step is essential before connecting a printer to a computer?
- Test the printer functions.
- Remove the print head from the printer.
- Set up the optical character recognition application.
- Read the installation instructions thoroughly. (correct)
What does the collated printing option do?
What does the collated printing option do?
- Automatically adjusts print quality for each page.
- Prints each set of pages in order for multiple copies. (correct)
- Limits printing to blank pages only.
- Prints each page of multiple document copies separately.
Which option is part of configuring printer options?
Which option is part of configuring printer options?
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How can hardware optimization improve printer performance?
How can hardware optimization improve printer performance?
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What is the main function of the printer output system?
What is the main function of the printer output system?
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What can upgrading printer memory achieve?
What can upgrading printer memory achieve?
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Which issue might prevent access to a shared printer?
Which issue might prevent access to a shared printer?
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What is the primary purpose of an expresscard slot in laptops?
What is the primary purpose of an expresscard slot in laptops?
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What is a characteristic feature of flash cards?
What is a characteristic feature of flash cards?
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Which wireless communication technology uses short-range radio frequency to connect devices?
Which wireless communication technology uses short-range radio frequency to connect devices?
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What does 'airplane mode' do on a mobile device?
What does 'airplane mode' do on a mobile device?
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What differentiates a smart card reader from standard credit card readers?
What differentiates a smart card reader from standard credit card readers?
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What is a primary advantage of using cellular data for internet connectivity?
What is a primary advantage of using cellular data for internet connectivity?
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What is a function of a removable storage device like an external flash drive?
What is a function of a removable storage device like an external flash drive?
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Which type of memory is primarily used in laptops and has configurations of 72 pins and 100 pins?
Which type of memory is primarily used in laptops and has configurations of 72 pins and 100 pins?
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What is the primary function of routers in a network?
What is the primary function of routers in a network?
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Which of the following best describes the function of a firewall?
Which of the following best describes the function of a firewall?
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What is a major advantage of using an Integrated router?
What is a major advantage of using an Integrated router?
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How does an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) respond to network threats?
How does an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) respond to network threats?
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What distinguishes Ethernet over Power from Power over Ethernet?
What distinguishes Ethernet over Power from Power over Ethernet?
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What does Unified Threat Management (UTM) provide?
What does Unified Threat Management (UTM) provide?
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What is a characteristic of power over Ethernet (PoE)?
What is a characteristic of power over Ethernet (PoE)?
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What type of signaling is used by fiber optic cables to transmit data?
What type of signaling is used by fiber optic cables to transmit data?
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What is the primary function of a DHCP reservation?
What is the primary function of a DHCP reservation?
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Which statement about DNS servers is correct?
Which statement about DNS servers is correct?
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What role does a print server play in a network?
What role does a print server play in a network?
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What is a potential weakness of the FTP protocol?
What is a potential weakness of the FTP protocol?
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Which protocol adds encryption and authentication to web resources?
Which protocol adds encryption and authentication to web resources?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of a file server?
Which of the following is NOT a function of a file server?
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How does DNS help in managing email spam?
How does DNS help in managing email spam?
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What is the primary risk associated with malicious apps once installed on a mobile device?
What is the primary risk associated with malicious apps once installed on a mobile device?
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What is the purpose of a firewall app on a mobile device?
What is the purpose of a firewall app on a mobile device?
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Which security protocol is specifically used to establish a secure file transfer session?
Which security protocol is specifically used to establish a secure file transfer session?
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What do rooting and jailbreaking allow a user to do?
What do rooting and jailbreaking allow a user to do?
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Which statement accurately describes software updates on operating systems?
Which statement accurately describes software updates on operating systems?
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What does PRL stand for in the context of baseband updates?
What does PRL stand for in the context of baseband updates?
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What is a notable feature of macOS file systems compared to NTFS?
What is a notable feature of macOS file systems compared to NTFS?
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What is a key limitation of the Linux operating system in terms of backup solutions?
What is a key limitation of the Linux operating system in terms of backup solutions?
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What does the Linux operating system support in relation to remote storage devices?
What does the Linux operating system support in relation to remote storage devices?
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Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Printer Hardware
- Axis: Bars that move the hotend nozzle to dispense filament during 3D printing.
- Print Bed: Platform where heated filament forms the object.
- Installing a printer: Before connecting a printer to a computer, read the installation instructions. The printer driver may need to be installed first. Remove anything that prevents moving parts from shifting during shipping. Connect corresponding cables and attach the power cable to the printer.
- Testing printer functions: Installation is not complete until all functions are tested, such as printing in draft mode, double-sided documents, a collated document, and using an optical character recognition application.
- Collated printing: Ideal for printing multiple copies of a multi-page document. The collate setting prints each set, and some printers even staple them.
- Configuring options and default settings: Printers may have different configurations and default options, such as paper type, print quality, colour printing, black and white printing, grayscale printing, paper size, collate, print layout.
- Media control options: Common printer options include input paper tray selection, output path selection, media size and orientation, and paper weight selection.
- Printer output system: Manages how ink or toner goes on the media and includes color management and print speed.
- Software optimization: Print pool settings, color calibration, and paper orientation can be optimized using printer driver software. This ensures print heads are aligned and can print on different media types.
- Hardware optimization: Some printers can be upgraded to print faster and accommodate more print jobs by adding hardware.
- Firmware: Installing firmware is similar to installing printer drivers.
- Printer memory: All printers have RAM, and upgrading printer memory increases speed and enhances complex print job performance.
- Configuring printer sharing: If unable to connect to a shared printer, it might not have the right drivers installed.
Laptop Hardware and Component Installation and Configuration
- Expansion cards: Laptops often contain ExpressCard slots (ExpressCard/34 or ExpressCard/54) to add functionality.
- Flash memory: External flash drives connect to expansion ports (USB, eSATA, Firewire) and provide fast access to data, high reliability, and reduced power usage. Accessed by the OS like other drives.
- Flash cards: Data storage devices that use flash memory to store information. Small, portable, and require no power to maintain data. Often used in laptops, mobile devices, and digital cameras.
- Flash card readers: Can read Secure Digital (SD) and Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC) cards. Flash memory cards are hot-swappable.
- Smart card reader: Like a credit card but with an embedded microprocessor that can store data. Used for telephone calling, payments. Provides security and holds more information than a magnetic stripe.
- SODIMM memory: Mostly used in laptops. Comes in 72-pin and 100-pin configurations. Different laptop models require different types of SODIMMs.
Mobile Device Hardware Overview
- Wireless connections and shared internet connections:
- Near Field Communication (NFC): Enables mobile devices to establish radio communications with other devices by placing them close together.
- Infrared (IR): Can be used to control other IR-controlled devices remotely, such as a TV.
- Bluetooth: Allows data exchange over a short distance between two Bluetooth-enabled devices.
- Network connectivity and email:
- Wireless data networks: Mobile devices have two wireless internet connectivity options:
- Wi-Fi: Wireless network connection provided using local Wi-Fi settings.
- Cellular: Wireless connection provided for a fee using cellular data. Requires cellular towers and satellites to create a global coverage network.
- Cellular communication standards: Industry standards simplify interconnectivity between cell providers, making them less expensive. However, they have not been adopted uniformly worldwide.
- Airplane mode: Turns off all cellular, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth radios.
- Wireless data networks: Mobile devices have two wireless internet connectivity options:
- Hotspot: A cellular device can provide an internet connection to other devices. This is called tethering and can be exploited by malicious apps to access any resources that were allowed permission during installation.
- Trusted app source: Apps authenticated and authorized by a service provider. Service providers issue a certificate to developers to sign their apps and identify them as trusted.
- Malware: Malware rarely damages mobile devices; it's more likely to transfer it to other devices like laptops or desktops. Malware can be downloaded from email, the internet, or another device and might be placed on a laptop the next time it's connected to the mobile device.
- Preventing malware from infecting additional devices: Use a firewall. Firewall apps for mobile devices can monitor app activity and prevent connection to specific ports or IP addresses. Mobile device firewalls typically work at a higher permission level since they control other apps.
- Rooting and jailbreaking: Methods for removing restrictions and protections added to mobile operating systems. Allows users to gain full access to the file system and superuser admin permissions. Exploits vulnerabilities in the OS to bypass security measures.
- Patching and updating OS: Updates on OS add functionality or increase performance. Patches can fix security problems and/or issues with hardware and software. There are two types of baseband updates: PRL and PRI.
- PRL: Configuration information needed by cellular phones to communicate on networks other than their own. Enables making calls outside of the carrier's network.
- PRI: Configures data rates between a device and a cell tower, ensuring the device can communicate with the tower at the correct rate.
Linux and macOS operating systems
- Linux OS: Uses two file systems (64-bit file system). Supports FAT and FAT32. Uses NFS to mount remote storage devices into the local file system. Allows for the creation of a swap partition, which supplements system RAM.
- macOS: Has its own file system that supports many of the same features as NTFS in Windows, but not native file/folder encryption.
Linux backup and recovery
- Linux: No built-in backup tool exists. Third-party commercial and open source solutions offer local/remote/cloud backup locations, data encryption compression, periodic scheduled backups, and restoration from any particular backup point.
Network Infrastructure
- DHCP server: Configured with a scope of addresses that it can lease to requesting DHCP clients.
- DHCP reservations: Some hosts, such as servers and printers, can always be assigned the same IP address when they connect. A DHCP server is configured with a reserved list of IP addresses based on the requesting DHCP client's MAC address.
- DNS server (Domain Name System): Method used by computers to translate domain names into IP addresses. Easier to remember google.com than its IP address, which is thanks to DNS.
- DNS Records: When a client doesn't know the IP address of a web domain or email domain name, it sends a DNS query to the DNS server identified in its internet protocol (IP) configuration.
- Spam management: DNS service can be abused by threat actors to assist in spam campaigns. Use Sender Policy Framework, DomainKeys Identified Mail, and Domain-Based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance programs (DMARC) to combat spam.
Network Servers
- Print server: Enables multiple computer users to access a single printer. It provides client access to print resources, administers print jobs by storing them in a queue, and provides feedback to users.
- File server: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows transferring files between a client and a server. Requires two connections between the client and server, one for commands and replies and the other for actual file transfer.
- FTP Secure: Utilizes encryption to secure file transfer sessions. The file server can accept or deny requests.
- SSH FTP (SFTP): Used to establish secure file transfer sessions.
- Secure Copy (SCP): Also a method to establish secure file transfer sessions.
- Web server: Provides web resources accessed using HTTP or HTTPS.
- HTTP: Set of rules for exchanging text, graphic images, sound, and video.
- HTTPS: Adds encryption and authentication services using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol or Transport Layer Security (TLS). Has a limited range.
Network Devices and Security
- Router: Connects networks. Switches use MAC addresses to forward traffic within a single network, while routers use IP addresses to forward traffic to other networks.
- Integrated router: Combines a switch, Wireless AP, and potentially a firewall.
- Firewalls: Protect data and equipment on a network from unauthorized access. Resides between two or more networks. Does not impact PC performance.
- IDS (Intrusion Detection System): Passively monitor traffic on the network. Analyze traffic streams and compare them to known malicious signatures.
- IPS (Intrusion Prevention System): Based on IDS technology, but all inbound and outbound traffic must flow through it for processing. Immediately responds and prevents malicious traffic from entering the target system.
- Unified Threat Management (UTM): Includes functionality of an IDS/IPS, a stateful firewall, and provides stateful packet filtering by using connection information. Tracks each connection by logging source and destination addresses along with the source and destination port numbers. Also known as next-generation firewalls (hardware firewall).
- Power over Ethernet (PoE): Allows powering devices without a battery or access to a power outlet by transferring small amounts of DC current over an ethernet cable along with data.
- Ethernet over Power (Powerline networking): Uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices. Allows connecting a device to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet.
- Cable types: Coaxial and twisted pair cables use electrical signals over copper to transmit data. Fiber optic cables use light signals to transmit data.
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