Podcast
Questions and Answers
Soil is a ______ system that forms between the interface of atmosphere and lithosphere.
Soil is a ______ system that forms between the interface of atmosphere and lithosphere.
living dynamic
Soils develop ______ that make it distinct from other soils in other areas.
Soils develop ______ that make it distinct from other soils in other areas.
characteristics
The suitability of a soil to a particular land use is determined by its ______.
The suitability of a soil to a particular land use is determined by its ______.
characteristics
V.V Dokuchaev is known as the ______ of Modern Soil Science.
V.V Dokuchaev is known as the ______ of Modern Soil Science.
Dokuchaev introduced the ______ horizon nomenclature system in his book 'Russian Chernozem'.
Dokuchaev introduced the ______ horizon nomenclature system in his book 'Russian Chernozem'.
Jenny published “Factors of Soil Formation” in ______.
Jenny published “Factors of Soil Formation” in ______.
Soil = f(cl, o, r, p, t,…), where cl stands for ______.
Soil = f(cl, o, r, p, t,…), where cl stands for ______.
Soil Survey and Classification involves a systematic examination, description, classification, and ______ of the soils in a given area.
Soil Survey and Classification involves a systematic examination, description, classification, and ______ of the soils in a given area.
Soil examination may be carried out on ______ roadcuts.
Soil examination may be carried out on ______ roadcuts.
The O Horizon is composed of ______ material.
The O Horizon is composed of ______ material.
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Study Notes
Soil Science
- Soil is a dynamic system that forms at the interface of the atmosphere and lithosphere, shaped by climate, living organisms, and parent material over time.
- A soil develops distinct characteristics, making it suitable for specific land uses (e.g., residential, crop production).
History of Soil Science
- V.V. Dokuchaev (1846-1903) is considered the Father of Modern Soil Science.
- He introduced the ABC horizon nomenclature system in his book "Russian Chernozem" (1883).
- H.Jenny (1899-1992) published "Factors of Soil Formation" in 1941, which presented the equation: Soil = f(cl, o, r, p, t,…)
Soil Formation Factors
- Climate (cl)
- Organisms (o)
- Relief (r)
- Parent material (p)
- Time (t)
Soil Survey and Classification
- A systematic examination, description, classification, and mapping of soils in a given area.
- Evaluates and records various properties that determine soil productivity.
Soil Examination Methods
- Fresh roadcuts
- Newly dug pits
- Soil materials collected using a soil auger
Site Characteristics
- Location
- Landform
- Topographic position
- Vegetation
- Land use
- Parent material
- Drainage
- Climate
Soil Profile and Horizons
- Soil profile: a vertical face of the soil, exposing all layers (horizons) from the surface down to the parent material.
- Horizons: horizontal layers of the soil, designated with letters (e.g., O, A, E, B).
Master Horizons
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O Horizon: composed of organic material • Oi: slightly decomposed • Oe: moderately decomposed • Oa: well decomposed
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A Horizon: composed of mineral soil particles, darkened by humus or organic matter • Ap: plowed • Ah: humus
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E Horizon: horizons from which clay, iron, aluminum, or some combination have been leached, leaving a light-colored horizon (bleached horizon) • Typically found in soils developed from granite and sandstones under pine forests in temperate regions • Formed between A and B horizons, zone of "eluviation"
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B Horizon: characterized by the concentration of clay, iron, aluminum, or silica, and evidence of carbonate removal • Bt: clay accumulation • Bw: structure formation • Zone of "illuviation"
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