Principles of Marketing - Segmentation and Positioning
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Questions and Answers

What is NOT a criterion used in demographic segmentation?

  • Psychographics (correct)
  • Gender
  • Education
  • Income
  • Which basis for segmentation focuses on consumer preferences and lifestyle?

  • Psychographic segmentation (correct)
  • Behavioristic segmentation
  • Demographic segmentation
  • Geographic segmentation
  • Why do consumer goods firms often use geographic segmentation?

  • To analyze income distributions
  • To cater to regional preferences (correct)
  • To identify demographic trends
  • To enhance psychographic profiles
  • Which of the following is NOT a base for segmentation of consumer markets?

    <p>Technical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic must market segmentation have to be considered viable and sustainable?

    <p>It must be identifiable and measurable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT necessary for effective benefit segmentation?

    <p>Must be consistent across all demographics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in the segmentation process?

    <p>Selecting too many criteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which targeting strategy focuses on a single segment of the market?

    <p>Concentrated targeting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of marketing segmentation?

    <p>Increased ability to avoid unprofitable segments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firm consider when developing a brand positioning strategy?

    <p>Product offerings for targeted segments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NOT represent a difficulty in market segmentation?

    <p>Identifying customer preferences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which targeting strategy involves creating different products for multiple segments?

    <p>Differentiated targeting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT an effect of segmentation on marketing?

    <p>Complete market domination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of differentiation in marketing?

    <p>To provide something valuable that competitors do not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to construct a perceptual map based on how similar products are perceived to be?

    <p>Overall similarity method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the positioning process?

    <p>Identifying the current position of the brand and competitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a positioning base mentioned?

    <p>Brand loyalty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of market segmentation?

    <p>Dividing the total market into homogeneous segments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could indicate the need for repositioning a product?

    <p>Shifts in customer tastes and preferences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is NOT a method of market segmentation?

    <p>Limited marketing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following positioning strategies is focused on a product class?

    <p>Product user positioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does targeting a market segment involve?

    <p>Evaluating the attractiveness of each segment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When developing a positioning statement, what is its primary purpose?

    <p>To serve as a blueprint for achieving the desired brand position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essence of positioning in marketing?

    <p>Establishing a distinct consumer perception of a brand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for a product to not be positioned correctly initially?

    <p>Shifts in macro environment factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes one-to-one marketing?

    <p>Tailoring marketing efforts to individual customers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a differentiated marketing strategy?

    <p>Developing a unique product for each market segment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a perceptual map used for?

    <p>Visualizing consumer preferences and brand positioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes repositioning?

    <p>Changing a product's market segment to increase sales (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for a firm to successfully reposition a brand?

    <p>The firm must ensure the product meets consumers' desired attributes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered in the repositioning process?

    <p>The current marketing campaigns of competitors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested positioning option for a marketing strategy?

    <p>Positioning based on perceived best features or services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a marketing manager approach the relationship between offline and online marketing strategies?

    <p>They should integrate and consider both strategies together. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is necessary for remaining competitive according to the content?

    <p>Using segmentation, targeting, and positioning effectively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for psychographic segmentation?

    <p>Psychological and lifestyle criteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a variable used in psychographic segmentation?

    <p>Consumer attitudes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of segmentation focuses on how customers use a product?

    <p>Behavioral segmentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach does NOT fall under behavioral segmentation categories?

    <p>Personality traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of benefits from segmentation does NOT include functional benefits?

    <p>Price benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups would be considered 'laggards' in the rate of new product adoption?

    <p>Individuals who are skeptical and adopt last (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of loyalty segmentation?

    <p>Hard-core loyals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of segmentation might analyze the frequency of consumer purchases?

    <p>Behavioral segmentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Differentiation

    Offering consumers a unique value proposition that competitors cannot match.

    Perceptual Map

    A graphical representation of how consumers perceive products in a market.

    Positioning Process Steps

    Determining current brand position, ideal position, adjusting strategy, and creating a position statement.

    Perceptual Map Construction Methods

    Methods used to visually map and analyze consumer perception of products.

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    Positioning Bases

    Criteria used to define and position a brand in the market.

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    Positioning Bases Examples

    Specific attributes like technology, benefits, price, quality, origin, competitor, use/application, product class, and product user.

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    Repositioning Need

    Reasons why a brand might need to reposition in the marketplace.

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    Repositioning Drivers

    The reasons why a product might need to be repositioned. Examples include incorrectly initial positioning, presence of competitor products, shifted consumer preferences, macro-environmental influences, and technology advancements.

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    Benefit Segmentation

    Dividing the market by customer needs and wants.

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    Identifiable Segments

    Segments that are distinct, measurable, and recognizable.

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    Responsive Segments

    Segments that react to marketing efforts.

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    Targeting Strategies

    Choosing which customer segments to focus on.

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    Concentrated Targeting

    Focusing on one specific segment.

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    Positioning Strategy

    Placing a product in the minds of target customers.

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    Segmentation Process

    Identifying, profiling, and evaluating market segments.

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    Segmentation Difficulties

    Challenges in segmenting like choosing right number of criteria or potential market changes affecting segments.

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    Market Segmentation Criteria

    Factors used to divide a market into smaller, more manageable segments for targeted marketing.

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    Bases for Segmentation (consumers)

    Different ways to categorize customer segments, such as demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral.

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    Demographic Segmentation

    Dividing a market based on measurable characteristics like age, gender, income, and education.

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    Geographic Segmentation

    Dividing a market based on geographical location, such as region, city, or country.

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    Market Segmentation Importance

    Understanding customers helps businesses target specific groups with products and services to increase sales and react to competition quickly.

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    Market Segmentation

    Dividing a total market into relatively similar groups of potential customers

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    Market Targeting

    Evaluating segments and deciding which to focus on

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    Market Positioning

    Creating a unique image of your product in customers' minds

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    Segmentation Approaches

    Different strategies for dividing markets, like mass vs. niche marketing

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    STP

    Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. A marketing framework to reach customer segments.

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    Market

    A group of potential customers with a desire/need for your products.

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    Product Class

    A group of similar products that customers may view as substitutes.

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    Consumer Markets

    Markets focused on individuals or households buying products for personal use.

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    Psychographic Segmentation

    Market segmentation based on psychological and lifestyle criteria, like values, routines, and personality traits.

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    Behavioural Segmentation

    Market segmentation based on consumer behavior, purchase patterns, and product usage.

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    Personality (Psychographic)

    Consumer traits, attitudes, and habits used in psychographic segmentation.

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    Lifestyle (Psychographic)

    How consumers spend their time and what is important to them, used in psychographic segmentation.

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    Product Category Segmentation

    A behavioral approach within segmentation focusing on category-specific usage patterns.

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    Needs and Benefits Segmentation

    A segmentation method focusing on the functional, psychological, relationship, or process benefits customers seek.

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    Rate of New Product Adoption

    Categories of consumers based on how quickly they adopt new products.

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    Loyalty Segmentation

    Categorising consumers based on their loyalty to a product or brand.

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    Repositioning Process Factors

    The four crucial considerations when shifting a product's image or target market: manufacturability, marketability, cost, and projected income.

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    Digital Marketing Strategy

    The online approach to marketing should align with the offline strategy, forming a cohesive overall strategy.

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    Positioning Options

    Strategies for how to present a product to consumers. These include emphasizing superior features/services, highlighting benefits, or linking to specific occasions.

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    Competitive Advantage Strategy

    Implementing segmentation, targeting, and positioning to remain competitive in the marketplace and adaptable to changing conditions.

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    Online/Offline Strategy

    A marketing manager must consider the relationship between the online marketing strategy and the offline marketing strategy

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    Study Notes

    Principles of Marketing

    • Introduction:
      • Firms must establish a distinct and unique brand identity in customer minds reflecting their offerings
      • Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) is a critical managerial approach
      • Identifies customer sub-markets
      • Selects specific target markets
      • Differentiates the product/service from competitors'
    • Segmentation:
      • Dividing the total market for a product/category into segments
      • Groups are relatively homogeneous.
      • Crucial for evaluating attractiveness and aligning with company resources
    • Nature of Consumer Markets:
      • A group of individuals/firms with desire/need for products (ability, willingness, and authority to buy)
      • A product class includes substitutable products.
    • Market Segmentation:
      • Mass marketing: Targets entire market
      • Differentiated marketing: Targets several market segments
      • Niche marketing: Targets a specific, narrow segment
      • One-to-one marketing: Personalised approach to each customer
    • Criteria for Market Segmentation:
      • Identifiable and measurable: Clear and quantifiable segment profiles
      • Substantial: Significant size and purchasing power to justify marketing efforts.
      • Accessible: Firms can reach and effectively serve the segment.
      • Responsive: Customers within the segment react similarly to marketing efforts.
      • Viable and sustainable: Sufficient size, reasonable growth potential and profitability.
    • Bases for Segmentation:
      • Demographic: Gender, income, age, education, family life cycle
      • Geographic: Region, city, suburb, density, climate
      • Psychographic: Attitudes, lifestyle, values, personality traits; includes specific variables like activities, interests, and opinions.
      • Behaviouristic: Product use, benefits sought, buyer readiness, brand loyalty (including categories like hard-core loyals, split loyals, shifting loyals, and switchers)
      • Needs and benefits: Customers seeking specified product attributes (functional, psychological, relationship, process).
    • Segmentation Process:
      • Identifying/profiling customers
      • Evaluating the segment's attractiveness
      • Positioning the firm's market offer
    • Targeting Strategies:
      • Concentrated targeting: Focuses on one specific segment
      • Differentiated targeting: Targets several segments
      • Undifferentiated targeting: Targets entire market
    • Positioning:
      • Strategically placing the brand in the minds of consumers.
      • This differentiates the firm's offerings in the relevant market segment.
      • Methods: Technology, origin, competitor, product class, product user, benefit, price, quality, use/application.
    • Perceptual Maps:
      • Visual tools that illustrate consumer perceptions of brands in a market segment, using attributes and ratings to map brand positions.
      • Uses "overall similarity method", "attribute rating method"
    • Positioning Process:
      • Identify current brand and competitor positions
      • Determine preferred market attributes
      • Decide how to modify (or not) current positioning strategies
      • Create positioning statements
    • Repositioning:
      • Necessary when a product isn't positioned correctly or competitors have encroached on the position.
      • Factors include poor original strategy, competitor actions, changing customer tastes/preferences or significant macro environmental factors, technological advancements, or research discoveries.
    • Digital Perspectives:
      • Use of digital platforms for segmentation, targeting and positioning
      • Social media, data collection, etc., offer significant information and insights
      • Important to link online and offline marketing strategies
    • Summary:
      • Utilize segmentation, targeting, and positioning to enhance competitiveness
      • Adapt the strategies to reflect changing market conditions.

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    Description

    Explore the essential principles of marketing, focusing on Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning (STP). Understand how firms create unique brand identities and how they can effectively segment and target consumer markets to maximize their offerings. This quiz will deepen your understanding of consumer behavior and market dynamics.

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