Principles of Management - Motivation
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What is the primary focus of needs-based theories of motivation?

  • The traits and characteristics of effective leaders.
  • The cognitive processes individuals use to make decisions about their effort.
  • The rewards and punishments that drive behavior.
  • The specific factors that energize, direct, and sustain behavior based on individual's needs (correct)

    • Which of the following is considered an intrinsic source of motivation?

  • Additional time off from work
  • A monetary bonus
  • Personal satisfaction from completing a challenging task (correct)
  • A promotion at work

    • What is the approximate ratio of disengaged to actively engaged employees in the U.S. workforce?

  • 2-to-1 (correct)
  • 1-to-1
  • 1-to-2
  • 3-to-1

    • Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic motivator?

    <p>Receiving a positive performance evaluation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key implication of the high ratio of disengaged employees for organizations?

    <p>Most employees are not reaching their full potential. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text in the module, what is the role or duty of a manager in regards to motivation?

    <p>To understand different types of motivation and use that to motivate employees. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the following, which is the most foundational needs, as represented in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

    <p>Physiological needs, for example, food and water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of motivation according to the text?

    <p>A collection of factors deciding actions, time, and effort. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be satisfied before an individual can pursue self-actualization?

    <p>Esteem, social, physical safety, and security needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory modifies Maslow's hierarchy by proposing that needs can be pursued simultaneously and without a strict order?

    <p>ERG theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Acquired Needs Theory, managers with a strong need for affiliation may struggle with:

    <p>Delivering critical feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the core concept behind Equity Theory of motivation?

    <p>Fairness as perceived through social comparisons of input and output. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between procedural and interactional justice?

    <p>Procedural justice focuses on the fairness of decision-making processes, while interactional justice concerns the quality of interpersonal treatment during those processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Expectancy Theory, what does the term 'instrumentality' refer to?

    <p>The organization will honor a bargain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes job rotation?

    <p>Periodically shifting employees from one job to another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices focuses on reversing job specialization?

    <p>Job enlargement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Job Enrichment?

    <p>Increasing the employee's control over planning and evaluating their work (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of goal-setting, what does the term 'goal commitment' refer to?

    <p>The degree to which a person is determined to achieve an accepted goal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to goal-setting theory, to increase employee motivation, goals must be:

    <p>Specific, challenging, and attainable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for companies to pay an appropriate wage, according to the text?

    <p>To ensure employees are not distracted by financial worries, allowing them to concentrate on work (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a manager best contribute to their employee's motivation?

    <p>By linking performance to recognition and opportunities, and meeting individual needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does feedback play in goal setting, according to the text?

    <p>Feedback provides insight into progress and guides adjustments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between job enlargement and job enrichment?

    <p>Job enlargement increases the variety of task and a job, whereas job enrichment involves adding more responsibility and autonomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Principles of Management - Motivation

    • Employee motivation is crucial for organizational success; recent surveys show a concerning 2-to-1 ratio of disengaged to engaged employees (70% not reaching full potential).
    • Motivation involves factors influencing what people do and how much effort they put into it.
    • Two primary types of motivation exist:
      • Intrinsic: Internal motivators like interests, beliefs, pride, skill development, personal enjoyment, accomplishment, and power.
      • Extrinsic: External motivators like tangible rewards (commissions, bonuses, raises, promotions, additional time off).

    Module Learning Outcomes

    • Recognize the importance of employee motivation and how to promote it.
    • Explain the importance of employee motivation in an organization.
    • Explain needs-based theories of motivation.
    • Explain process-based theories of motivation.
    • Describe job characteristics that affect motivation.
    • Explain goal-setting theory.
    • Explain reinforcement theory.
    • Explain the manager's role in promoting motivation.
    • Differentiate between internal and external motivators.
    • Explain the importance of employee motivation in an organization.

    Needs-Based Theories of Motivation

    • Explain needs-based theories of motivation.
    • Differentiate between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory of needs.
    • Explain Alderfer's existence-relatedness-growth theory.
    • Explain McClelland's acquired-needs theory.

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Human motivation is based on a hierarchical ranking of needs.
    • Physiological: Basic needs like air, food, water.
    • Safety: Physical safety, security, and employment security.
    • Social: Belonging, love, friendship, family.
    • Esteem: Respect, recognition, importance.
    • Self-actualization: Becoming the best version of oneself.

    ERG Theory (Alderfer)

    • Modified Maslow's hierarchy, emphasizing existence, relatedness, and growth needs.
    • Needs can be pursued simultaneously.
    • Managers must support employees' pursuit of the different levels.

    Acquired Needs Theory (McClelland)

    • People are motivated by a need for achievement, affiliation (building relationships) or power (influencing and controlling their environment).
    • Strengths and weaknesses of different motivations; managers need to be aware of employee's motivational profiles.

    Process-Based Theories of Motivation

    • Explain process-based theories of motivation.
    • Explain equity theory: Motivation depends on perceived fairness; employees compare their inputs/outputs (e.g., work effort/pay) to others. Unequal inputs/outputs lead to demotivation and disruption.
    • Differentiate between procedural justice and interactional justice.
    • Explain expectancy theory: Motivation depends on the belief that effort leads to performance, performance leads to rewards, and the reward is valued. Key components include expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

    Job Characteristics that Affect Motivation

    • Job rotation: Periodically shifting employees between tasks to decrease boredom and the risk of repetitive motion injuries. Example companies: Lincoln Electric and McDonald's.
    • Job enlargement: Expanding the number and variety of tasks in a job to motivate employees and prevent employee specialization. Mixed results exist; it can create workload and stressful situations.
    • Job enrichment: Increasing the vertical expansion of a job (more responsibility and planning/evaluation control) to give employees a greater sense of ownership and accountability.

    Goal-Setting Theory

    • Goals must be specific, challenging but achievable, and employees must be committed to them. Employee success requires ongoing feedback and support.

    A Manager's Role in Motivating Employees

    • Managers' role is in supporting employee motivation.
    • Managers have great impact even though they cannot entirely change the company's culture, reward structure.
    • Encouraging good work assignments, recognition, and policies are crucial.
    • Managers should assess what is most important for each employee rather than just making broad policies.
    • Employees must feel a link between work and the common purpose.
    • Reinforcement theory and how companies address basic needs, how managers can customize motivation strategies.

    Addressing Basic Needs

    • Companies must address basic needs (e.g., appropriate wages, sense of belonging).
    • Employees should feel that their job aligns with the organization's purpose, and there needs to be social engagement.
    • Applying clear rewards and recognition.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the importance of employee motivation within organizations, highlighting intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. It covers key theories of motivation and identifies job characteristics that influence employee engagement. Test your understanding of how to foster motivation in the workplace.

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