Principles of Management - Leadership
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Questions and Answers

Which leadership style emphasizes participation and delegation of authority?

  • Democratic (correct)
  • Laissez-fare
  • Directive
  • Autocratic

    • What did the Ohio State study identify as critical for subordinate performance and satisfaction?

  • Task delegation and Team autonomy
  • Employee orientation and Production orientation
  • Democracy and Autocracy
  • Consideration and Initiating structure (correct)

    • What leadership style did the University of Michigan study associate with high productivity and job satisfaction?

  • Laissez-fare
  • Employee oriented (correct)
  • Production oriented
  • Autocratic

    • Which leadership style is characterized by a lack of leadership input and granting freedom to the group?

    <p>Laissez-fare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal style according to the Managerial Grid?

    <p>9-9 style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In behavioral theories of leadership, what is a primary focus of the production-oriented leader?

    <p>Technical task aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The University of Iowa study concluded that which leadership style was the most effective?

    <p>Democratic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does consideration refer to in the context of leadership styles?

    <p>Being considerate of followers’ ideas and feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of setting specific and challenging goals according to goal-setting theory?

    <p>Increased job motivation and performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five core job dimensions in the Job Characteristics Model?

    <p>Task Completion Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does self-generated feedback compare to external feedback in the context of goal-setting?

    <p>Self-generated feedback is a stronger motivator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of goal commitment is notably higher when goals are self-set or public?

    <p>Internal motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individuals with a high growth need tend to respond well to in their jobs?

    <p>Enriched, challenging jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial for enhancing responsibility in job performance according to the Job Characteristics Model?

    <p>Autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction according to Herzberg's theory?

    <p>Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are independent of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cultural context is goal-setting theory particularly effective, as noted in contemporary motivation theories?

    <p>North American cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following leads to internal rewards for employees as per the job design theory?

    <p>Performing well on valued tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Herzberg's revised view, what is considered the opposite of satisfaction?

    <p>No satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors should managers focus on to boost employee motivation?

    <p>Intrinsic motivators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the need for achievement (nAch) emphasize in an employee's work preferences?

    <p>Moderate challenges with personal responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of high achievers according to McClelland’s Three-Needs Theory?

    <p>They seek clear feedback and take on moderate challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which need is most closely associated with a desire to influence others' behavior?

    <p>Need for Power (nPow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a managerial implication of McClelland's Three-Needs Theory?

    <p>Increase team-focused initiatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of removing extrinsic dissatisfying factors in a workplace?

    <p>Prevents dissatisfaction but does not inspire motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is associated with a leader's ability to build trusting relationships?

    <p>Honesty and integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of trait theories of leadership?

    <p>The identification of traits that differentiate leaders from nonleaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is MOST likely to help a leader make well-informed decisions?

    <p>Job-relevant knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to identifying traits, what have researchers recognized as important in leadership?

    <p>Interactions with group members and situational factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits reflects a leader's capacity to influence others effectively?

    <p>Desire to lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is primarily about a leader's need to achieve goals?

    <p>Drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with leadership?

    <p>Lack of sociability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion can be drawn if a manager exhibits drive and a desire to lead?

    <p>They are likely to influence their group positively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might Low Growth Need employees experience in relation to job enrichment?

    <p>Less impact on performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Equity Theory, what happens to employees who perceive inequity?

    <p>They may adjust their attendance or resign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of justice in Equity Theory pertains to the fairness of the reward amounts and allocation?

    <p>Distributive Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key focus of Expectancy Theory regarding employee motivation?

    <p>The belief that effort leads to desired rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three key variables in Expectancy Theory?

    <p>Equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can managers foster perceptions of procedural justice?

    <p>By sharing allocation decision information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What belief is associated with the expectancy variable in Expectancy Theory?

    <p>Effort leads to performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response might an employee take if they feel overrewarded according to Equity Theory?

    <p>Decrease their productivity to restore equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of transformational leaders?

    <p>They inspire followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?

    <p>It focuses on creating in-groups and out-groups among team members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining trait of charismatic leaders?

    <p>They inspire action through their enthusiastic and self-confident demeanor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transactional leaders primarily rely on?

    <p>Using social exchanges to guide followers toward established goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill is critical for managers transitioning to a team leadership role?

    <p>Trusting team members and knowing when to intervene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome is NOT associated with transformational leadership?

    <p>Increased conformity to established practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT typically a responsibility of team leaders?

    <p>Micromanaging every aspect of the team’s work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes visionary leadership from other leadership styles?

    <p>Creating and articulating an attractive vision for the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the expectations of achievement-oriented leadership?

    <p>It establishes challenging goals and expects high performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Principles of Management - Leadership

    • Leaders & Leadership: Leaders are individuals who influence others and have authority, ideally all managers should be leaders. Leadership is the process of influencing a group to achieve goals.

    Trait Theories of Leadership

    • Researchers studied traits, early 20th century, in an effort to identify characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders.

    • Research showed consistent leadership traits difficult to identify.

    • Traits do increase the probability that an individual will be an effective leader.

    Traits Associated with Effective Leadership

    • Drive: High effort level, desire for achievement

    • Desire to lead: Willingness to take responsibility

    • Integrity: Builds trust through honesty and consistency

    • Self-confidence: Confidence to convince followers

    • Intelligence: Ability to synthesize information and solve problems

    • Job-relevant knowledge: Better decision making

    • Extraversion: Outgoing and rarely withdrawn

    • Proneness to guilt: High sense of responsibility

    Behavioral Theories of Leadership

    • University of Iowa Study: Identified three leadership styles (democratic, autocratic, and laissez-faire), democratic style was most effective.

    • Ohio State Study: Identified two factors, consideration (shows concern for followers) and initiating structure (structuring work for goal achievement). High levels of both important for effective performance.

    • University of Michigan Study: Found employee-oriented leader (focuses on team needs) styles usually associated with higher productivity and job satisfaction, compared to a production-oriented style.

    Contingency Theories of Leadership

    • Fiedler's Contingency Model: Assumes a leader's style (task-oriented or relationship-oriented) is fixed.

    • Situational factors important: Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power influence ideal leadership style.

    • Least-Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale measures a leader's leadership style

    Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory

    • Employs leadership style based on the follower's readiness

    • Readiness: followers' ability and willingness to take responsibility for a task

    • Four Leadership Styles: Telling, Selling, Participating, Delegating

    Contemporary Views of Leadership

    • Leadership-Member Exchange (LMX) theory: Leaders create in-groups and out-groups. In-groups have greater job satisfaction, better performance and less turnover.

    • House's Path-Goal theory: Leaders clarify the path to help followers achieve work goals

    • Charismatic and Visionary Leadership: Leaders who inspire and motivate.

    • Focuses on followers and their readiness to undertake tasks

    • Contemporary Views: Common theme is interactions with, inspiration and support for followers.

    Motivating Employee Groups

    • Flexibility in Motivation: Consider different workplace factors.

    • Generational Differences: Different preferences for work style.

    • Work-Life Balance: Help address the needs of diverse groups

    • Motivating professionals vs non-professionals: Different incentives apply.

    Designing Reward Programs

    • Open-book management: Employees involved in decision making

    • Employee recognition: Positive reinforcement

    • Pay-for-performance: Rewards based on clear performance criteria

    • Low-cost reward strategies: Methods to reward employees without substantial financial investment

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    LAS 21 - Principles of Management - Quiz No. 02 PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of leadership in management. This quiz covers various leadership traits and theories, including the characteristics that differentiate effective leaders from non-leaders. Test your knowledge of how traits like integrity, self-confidence, and intelligence contribute to successful leadership.

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