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Questions and Answers
Which leadership style emphasizes participation and delegation of authority?
Which leadership style emphasizes participation and delegation of authority?
What did the Ohio State study identify as critical for subordinate performance and satisfaction?
What did the Ohio State study identify as critical for subordinate performance and satisfaction?
What leadership style did the University of Michigan study associate with high productivity and job satisfaction?
What leadership style did the University of Michigan study associate with high productivity and job satisfaction?
Which leadership style is characterized by a lack of leadership input and granting freedom to the group?
Which leadership style is characterized by a lack of leadership input and granting freedom to the group?
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What is the ideal style according to the Managerial Grid?
What is the ideal style according to the Managerial Grid?
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In behavioral theories of leadership, what is a primary focus of the production-oriented leader?
In behavioral theories of leadership, what is a primary focus of the production-oriented leader?
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The University of Iowa study concluded that which leadership style was the most effective?
The University of Iowa study concluded that which leadership style was the most effective?
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What does consideration refer to in the context of leadership styles?
What does consideration refer to in the context of leadership styles?
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What is the primary outcome of setting specific and challenging goals according to goal-setting theory?
What is the primary outcome of setting specific and challenging goals according to goal-setting theory?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the five core job dimensions in the Job Characteristics Model?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five core job dimensions in the Job Characteristics Model?
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How does self-generated feedback compare to external feedback in the context of goal-setting?
How does self-generated feedback compare to external feedback in the context of goal-setting?
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What aspect of goal commitment is notably higher when goals are self-set or public?
What aspect of goal commitment is notably higher when goals are self-set or public?
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What do individuals with a high growth need tend to respond well to in their jobs?
What do individuals with a high growth need tend to respond well to in their jobs?
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Which factor is crucial for enhancing responsibility in job performance according to the Job Characteristics Model?
Which factor is crucial for enhancing responsibility in job performance according to the Job Characteristics Model?
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What is the relationship between job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction according to Herzberg's theory?
What is the relationship between job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction according to Herzberg's theory?
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In which cultural context is goal-setting theory particularly effective, as noted in contemporary motivation theories?
In which cultural context is goal-setting theory particularly effective, as noted in contemporary motivation theories?
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Which of the following leads to internal rewards for employees as per the job design theory?
Which of the following leads to internal rewards for employees as per the job design theory?
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According to Herzberg's revised view, what is considered the opposite of satisfaction?
According to Herzberg's revised view, what is considered the opposite of satisfaction?
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Which of the following factors should managers focus on to boost employee motivation?
Which of the following factors should managers focus on to boost employee motivation?
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What does the need for achievement (nAch) emphasize in an employee's work preferences?
What does the need for achievement (nAch) emphasize in an employee's work preferences?
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What is a characteristic of high achievers according to McClelland’s Three-Needs Theory?
What is a characteristic of high achievers according to McClelland’s Three-Needs Theory?
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Which need is most closely associated with a desire to influence others' behavior?
Which need is most closely associated with a desire to influence others' behavior?
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Which of the following is NOT a managerial implication of McClelland's Three-Needs Theory?
Which of the following is NOT a managerial implication of McClelland's Three-Needs Theory?
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What is a common effect of removing extrinsic dissatisfying factors in a workplace?
What is a common effect of removing extrinsic dissatisfying factors in a workplace?
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Which trait is associated with a leader's ability to build trusting relationships?
Which trait is associated with a leader's ability to build trusting relationships?
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What is the primary focus of trait theories of leadership?
What is the primary focus of trait theories of leadership?
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Which trait is MOST likely to help a leader make well-informed decisions?
Which trait is MOST likely to help a leader make well-informed decisions?
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In addition to identifying traits, what have researchers recognized as important in leadership?
In addition to identifying traits, what have researchers recognized as important in leadership?
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Which of the following traits reflects a leader's capacity to influence others effectively?
Which of the following traits reflects a leader's capacity to influence others effectively?
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Which trait is primarily about a leader's need to achieve goals?
Which trait is primarily about a leader's need to achieve goals?
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Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with leadership?
Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with leadership?
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What conclusion can be drawn if a manager exhibits drive and a desire to lead?
What conclusion can be drawn if a manager exhibits drive and a desire to lead?
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What might Low Growth Need employees experience in relation to job enrichment?
What might Low Growth Need employees experience in relation to job enrichment?
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According to Equity Theory, what happens to employees who perceive inequity?
According to Equity Theory, what happens to employees who perceive inequity?
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Which type of justice in Equity Theory pertains to the fairness of the reward amounts and allocation?
Which type of justice in Equity Theory pertains to the fairness of the reward amounts and allocation?
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What is the key focus of Expectancy Theory regarding employee motivation?
What is the key focus of Expectancy Theory regarding employee motivation?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three key variables in Expectancy Theory?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three key variables in Expectancy Theory?
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How can managers foster perceptions of procedural justice?
How can managers foster perceptions of procedural justice?
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What belief is associated with the expectancy variable in Expectancy Theory?
What belief is associated with the expectancy variable in Expectancy Theory?
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Which response might an employee take if they feel overrewarded according to Equity Theory?
Which response might an employee take if they feel overrewarded according to Equity Theory?
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What is a key characteristic of transformational leaders?
What is a key characteristic of transformational leaders?
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Which of the following describes the leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?
Which of the following describes the leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?
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What is a defining trait of charismatic leaders?
What is a defining trait of charismatic leaders?
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What do transactional leaders primarily rely on?
What do transactional leaders primarily rely on?
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Which skill is critical for managers transitioning to a team leadership role?
Which skill is critical for managers transitioning to a team leadership role?
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Which outcome is NOT associated with transformational leadership?
Which outcome is NOT associated with transformational leadership?
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Which activity is NOT typically a responsibility of team leaders?
Which activity is NOT typically a responsibility of team leaders?
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What distinguishes visionary leadership from other leadership styles?
What distinguishes visionary leadership from other leadership styles?
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Which statement best reflects the expectations of achievement-oriented leadership?
Which statement best reflects the expectations of achievement-oriented leadership?
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Study Notes
Principles of Management - Leadership
- Leaders & Leadership: Leaders are individuals who influence others and have authority, ideally all managers should be leaders. Leadership is the process of influencing a group to achieve goals.
Trait Theories of Leadership
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Researchers studied traits, early 20th century, in an effort to identify characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders.
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Research showed consistent leadership traits difficult to identify.
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Traits do increase the probability that an individual will be an effective leader.
Traits Associated with Effective Leadership
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Drive: High effort level, desire for achievement
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Desire to lead: Willingness to take responsibility
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Integrity: Builds trust through honesty and consistency
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Self-confidence: Confidence to convince followers
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Intelligence: Ability to synthesize information and solve problems
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Job-relevant knowledge: Better decision making
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Extraversion: Outgoing and rarely withdrawn
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Proneness to guilt: High sense of responsibility
Behavioral Theories of Leadership
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University of Iowa Study: Identified three leadership styles (democratic, autocratic, and laissez-faire), democratic style was most effective.
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Ohio State Study: Identified two factors, consideration (shows concern for followers) and initiating structure (structuring work for goal achievement). High levels of both important for effective performance.
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University of Michigan Study: Found employee-oriented leader (focuses on team needs) styles usually associated with higher productivity and job satisfaction, compared to a production-oriented style.
Contingency Theories of Leadership
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Fiedler's Contingency Model: Assumes a leader's style (task-oriented or relationship-oriented) is fixed.
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Situational factors important: Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power influence ideal leadership style.
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Least-Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale measures a leader's leadership style
Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory
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Employs leadership style based on the follower's readiness
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Readiness: followers' ability and willingness to take responsibility for a task
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Four Leadership Styles: Telling, Selling, Participating, Delegating
Contemporary Views of Leadership
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Leadership-Member Exchange (LMX) theory: Leaders create in-groups and out-groups. In-groups have greater job satisfaction, better performance and less turnover.
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House's Path-Goal theory: Leaders clarify the path to help followers achieve work goals
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Charismatic and Visionary Leadership: Leaders who inspire and motivate.
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Focuses on followers and their readiness to undertake tasks
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Contemporary Views: Common theme is interactions with, inspiration and support for followers.
Motivating Employee Groups
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Flexibility in Motivation: Consider different workplace factors.
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Generational Differences: Different preferences for work style.
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Work-Life Balance: Help address the needs of diverse groups
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Motivating professionals vs non-professionals: Different incentives apply.
Designing Reward Programs
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Open-book management: Employees involved in decision making
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Employee recognition: Positive reinforcement
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Pay-for-performance: Rewards based on clear performance criteria
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Low-cost reward strategies: Methods to reward employees without substantial financial investment
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of leadership in management. This quiz covers various leadership traits and theories, including the characteristics that differentiate effective leaders from non-leaders. Test your knowledge of how traits like integrity, self-confidence, and intelligence contribute to successful leadership.
