29 Questions
Which of the following is a key factor in the selection of an antimicrobial agent?
Severity of the patient's infection
What is the primary purpose of narrow spectrum antibiotics?
To act on a single or limited group of microorganisms
Which of the following is a key host factor that can influence the selection of an antimicrobial agent?
Renal dysfunction
What is the primary purpose of broad spectrum antibiotics?
To affect a wide variety of microbial species
Which of the following is a key factor that can limit the penetration of an antibiotic to the site of infection?
Lipid solubility and pKa of the antibiotic
Which of the following is a key principle in the selection of the most appropriate antibiotic for a given infection?
Selecting the most narrow spectrum agent that is still effective
Which of the following is NOT one of the main cellular targets of antibiotics?
Lipid synthesis
When selecting an antimicrobial agent, which factor should be given the LEAST consideration?
Cost of the drug
Which of the following statements about chemotherapeutic spectra is INCORRECT?
Broad-spectrum agents are always preferred over narrow-spectrum agents
What is the primary advantage of using combination antimicrobial therapy?
Synergistic or additive effects against pathogens
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance?
Increased host immune response
What is the primary mechanism by which genetic alterations can lead to drug resistance in microorganisms?
Spontaneous mutations in DNA that are passed on to daughter cells
Which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance involves the modification of the target site of the antibiotic?
Alteration of penicillin-binding proteins in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Which of the following is an example of a mechanism that leads to decreased accumulation of an antibiotic within a resistant microorganism?
Presence of a lipopolysaccharide layer and efflux pumps
What is the primary mechanism by which $eta$-lactamases confer antibiotic resistance?
Enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic through hydrolysis
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect that may develop during antimicrobial therapy, even though antibiotics exhibit selective toxicity?
Development of adverse effects in the host
How can drug resistance be transferred between microorganisms?
By the transfer of resistance properties encoded in plasmids between cells
Which of the following is NOT part of the spectrum of activity for Penicillin G?
Escherichia coli
Which of the following is the broadest spectrum penicillin?
Piperacillin/tazobactam sodium
Which of the following penicillins has increased activity against gram-negative bacteria compared to Penicillin G?
Amoxicillin
Which of the following adverse effects is NOT associated with penicillin use?
Hyperglycemia
Which of the following penicillins is used to treat oropharyngeal infections caused by streptococci and pneumococci?
Penicillin G
Which of the following penicillins is used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections?
Piperacillin/tazobactam sodium
What is the primary target site of b-Lactam antibiotics?
Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs)
Which type of killing is associated with b-Lactam antibiotics?
Time-dependent killing
Which antibiotic is often used in combination with aminoglycosides due to its synergistic effects?
Penicillins
Which group of antibiotics includes Monobactam?
Peptides
Which type of penicillin is administered via intravenous or intramuscular routes?
Standard penicillins
What is the main mechanism of action of b-Lactam antibiotics on bacterial cells?
Prevention of cell wall synthesis
This quiz covers lecture objectives related to Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Beta-Lactams I, including selective toxicity, cellular targets of antibiotics, choosing appropriate antimicrobial agents, chemotherapeutic spectra, bacteriostatic vs. bactericidal agents, and more.
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