Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Beta-Lactams I Lecture Objectives

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of antimicrobial therapy?

  • To eradicate the host
  • To eradicate the invading organism (correct)
  • To harm the host
  • To harm the invading organism

Which of the following is not one of the five main cellular targets of antibiotics?

  • Protein synthesis
  • Metabolism (correct)
  • DNA replication
  • Cell wall synthesis

What is the key principle that allows antimicrobial drugs to treat infections without harming the host?

  • Combination therapy
  • Selective toxicity (correct)
  • Antimicrobial resistance
  • Bactericidal activity

Which of the following is an advantage of combination antimicrobial therapy?

<p>Broader antimicrobial coverage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a key factor in selecting the most appropriate antimicrobial agent for a given infection?

<p>Patient's age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate antibiotic for a given infection?

<p>Severity of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which the inflammation may facilitate antibiotic penetration in the context of meningitis?

<p>Blood-brain barrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotic would be most effective against a wide variety of microbial species?

<p>Broad Spectrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of antibiotic therapy, what kind of microorganisms are affected by narrow-spectrum agents?

<p>Mycobacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential host factor that can influence the selection and effectiveness of antibiotics?

<p>Immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In antibiotic therapy, which group of microorganisms are effectively targeted by extended-spectrum agents?

<p>Gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents?

<p>Bactericidal agents kill bacteria, while bacteriostatic agents only inhibit the growth and replication of bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a combination of antimicrobial drugs?

<p>Combination therapy reduces the risk of microorganisms developing resistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using a combination of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antimicrobial agents?

<p>Bacteriostatic agents may interfere with the action of a bactericidal drug. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a combination of antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy?

<p>To decrease the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of bacteria that are designated as resistant to an antimicrobial agent?

<p>Their growth is not inhibited by the maximum level of antibiotic tolerated by the host. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is not covered by the spectrum of activity of Penicillin G?

<p>Escherichia coli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is the use of Antistaphylococcal penicillins like Nafcillin primarily indicated?

<p>Endocarditis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are included in the spectrum of activity of Extended-spectrum penicillins?

<p>Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic has the broadest spectrum among the listed penicillins?

<p>Piperacillin/tazobactam sodium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect associated with the use of Penicillins?

<p>Superinfections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of infection is Unasyn commonly used?

<p>Intra-abdominal infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of unintended effects associated with -lactam antibiotics?

<p>Inhibition of transpeptidation reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following -lactam antibiotics is administered via intramuscular depot injection?

<p>Benzathine penicillin G (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of -lactam antibiotics?

<p>Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following -lactam antibiotics is considered a monobactam?

<p>Monobactam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which -lactam antibiotic class is specifically mentioned as having antipseudomonal activity?

<p>Antipseudomonal penicillins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following -lactam antibiotics is administered exclusively via the oral route?

<p>Penicillin V (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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