Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Beta-Lactams I Lecture Objectives

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What is the primary goal of antimicrobial therapy?

To eradicate the host

To eradicate the invading organism (correct)

To harm the host

To harm the invading organism

Which of the following is not one of the five main cellular targets of antibiotics?

Protein synthesis

Metabolism (correct)

DNA replication

Cell wall synthesis

What is the key principle that allows antimicrobial drugs to treat infections without harming the host?

Combination therapy

Selective toxicity (correct)

Antimicrobial resistance

Bactericidal activity

Which of the following is an advantage of combination antimicrobial therapy?

Broader antimicrobial coverage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a key factor in selecting the most appropriate antimicrobial agent for a given infection?

Patient's age Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate antibiotic for a given infection?

Severity of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which the inflammation may facilitate antibiotic penetration in the context of meningitis?

Blood-brain barrier Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotic would be most effective against a wide variety of microbial species?

Broad Spectrum Signup and view all the answers

In the context of antibiotic therapy, what kind of microorganisms are affected by narrow-spectrum agents?

Mycobacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential host factor that can influence the selection and effectiveness of antibiotics?

Immune system Signup and view all the answers

In antibiotic therapy, which group of microorganisms are effectively targeted by extended-spectrum agents?

Gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents?

Bactericidal agents kill bacteria, while bacteriostatic agents only inhibit the growth and replication of bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a combination of antimicrobial drugs?

Combination therapy reduces the risk of microorganisms developing resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using a combination of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antimicrobial agents?

Bacteriostatic agents may interfere with the action of a bactericidal drug. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a combination of antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy?

To decrease the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of bacteria that are designated as resistant to an antimicrobial agent?

Their growth is not inhibited by the maximum level of antibiotic tolerated by the host. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is not covered by the spectrum of activity of Penicillin G?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is the use of Antistaphylococcal penicillins like Nafcillin primarily indicated?

Endocarditis Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are included in the spectrum of activity of Extended-spectrum penicillins?

Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococci Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic has the broadest spectrum among the listed penicillins?

Piperacillin/tazobactam sodium Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect associated with the use of Penicillins?

Superinfections Signup and view all the answers

In which type of infection is Unasyn commonly used?

Intra-abdominal infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of unintended effects associated with -lactam antibiotics?

Inhibition of transpeptidation reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following -lactam antibiotics is administered via intramuscular depot injection?

Benzathine penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of -lactam antibiotics?

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following -lactam antibiotics is considered a monobactam?

Monobactam Signup and view all the answers

Which -lactam antibiotic class is specifically mentioned as having antipseudomonal activity?

Antipseudomonal penicillins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following -lactam antibiotics is administered exclusively via the oral route?

Penicillin V Signup and view all the answers