Podcast
Questions and Answers
When discussing homeostasis, what does the term 'steady-state' refer to?
When discussing homeostasis, what does the term 'steady-state' refer to?
Which of the following is NOT a factor under homeostatic control?
Which of the following is NOT a factor under homeostatic control?
What is the primary role of negative feedback mechanisms in homeostasis?
What is the primary role of negative feedback mechanisms in homeostasis?
Which of the following scenarios is an example of positive feedback?
Which of the following scenarios is an example of positive feedback?
Signup and view all the answers
Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
Signup and view all the answers
The thoracic cavity contains which of the following?
The thoracic cavity contains which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following accurately describes the function of serosal membranes?
Which of the following accurately describes the function of serosal membranes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ventral body cavity?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ventral body cavity?
Signup and view all the answers
What does anatomy refer to?
What does anatomy refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of structural organization in the body?
Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of structural organization in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of physiology?
What is the primary focus of physiology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organ system is responsible for defending against infections?
Which organ system is responsible for defending against infections?
Signup and view all the answers
Which necessary life function relates to breaking down food for absorption?
Which necessary life function relates to breaking down food for absorption?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of anatomy focuses specifically on the study of cells and tissues?
What type of anatomy focuses specifically on the study of cells and tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
Which level of organization describes a complete living entity?
Which level of organization describes a complete living entity?
Signup and view all the answers
How are anatomy and physiology related?
How are anatomy and physiology related?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
Growth
Growth
Increase in size or number of cells.
Nutrients
Nutrients
Substances like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals essential for life.
Oxygen
Oxygen
A gas required for metabolic reactions in the body.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Negative Feedback
Negative Feedback
Signup and view all the flashcards
Positive Feedback
Positive Feedback
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anatomical Position
Anatomical Position
Signup and view all the flashcards
Serosal Membranes
Serosal Membranes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anatomy
Anatomy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Physiology
Physiology
Signup and view all the flashcards
Complementarity
Complementarity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Levels of Organization
Levels of Organization
Signup and view all the flashcards
Integumentary System
Integumentary System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Skeletal System
Skeletal System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Necessary Life Functions
Necessary Life Functions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Excretion
Excretion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
-
Welcome
- Instructor: Eric Geiman
- Office: Room 3012A
- Phone: 512-2829
- Email: [email protected]
-
Course Objective
- Introduction to the anatomical structure and physiological functions of the human body.
Understanding Anatomy and Physiology
-
What is Anatomy?
- Study of the structure of the body and its parts, and how these parts relate to each other
- Types of Anatomy:
- Gross (Macroscopic) Anatomy: Includes regional, systemic, and surface anatomy
- Microscopic Anatomy: Study of cells (cytology) and tissues (histology)
- Developmental Anatomy (Embryology): Study of the development of an organism
-
What is Physiology?
- Study of the function of the body and its parts
- Focus: Cellular and molecular functions of organ systems
-
Relationship between Anatomy and Physiology
- Complementarity: Understanding the structure (anatomy) helps in understanding the function (physiology) and vice versa
- Form and Function: The form of a body part is designed to perform a specific function
Structural Organization of the Body
-
6 Levels of Organization
- Chemical: Atoms and molecules essential for life
- Cellular: Basic unit of life
- Tissue: Groups of similar cells performing a specific function
- Organ: Different tissues working together for a common function
- Organ System: A group of organs that work together
- Organism: The complete living entity
-
11 Organ Systems
- Integumentary: Skin, hair, nails
- Skeletal: Bones, joints
- Muscular: Muscles enabling movement
- Nervous: Brain, spinal cord, nerves
- Endocrine: Glands secreting hormones
- Cardiovascular: Heart and blood vessels
- Lymphatic/Immune: Defense against infections
- Respiratory: Lungs and air passages
- Digestive: Process of breaking down food
- Urinary: Kidneys and bladder
- Reproductive: Male and female reproductive organs
8 Necessary Life Functions
- Maintain boundaries: Separation between internal and external environments
- Movement: Actions by skeletal muscles and within cells
- Responsiveness: Ability to sense changes and react
- Digestion: Breaking down food for absorption
- Metabolism: All chemical reactions within the body
- Excretion: Removal of wastes
- Reproduction: Production of offspring
- Growth: Increase in size or number of cells
The 'Stuff' of Life
- Nutrients: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals
- Oxygen: Required for metabolic reactions
- Water: Most abundant chemical in the body
- Normal Body Temperature: Necessary for chemical reactions
- Atmospheric Pressure: Necessary for breathing and gas exchange
Homeostasis
-
Definition
- Homeostasis: Body's attempt to maintain internal equilibrium despite external changes
- Steady-State: Balance where the needs of the cells are met efficiently
-
Homeostatic Control
- Factors under control: Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, blood pH, water balance, salt balance, protein levels in blood, blood glucose levels
-
Feedback Mechanisms
- Negative feedback: Reduces or shuts off the original stimulus (e.g. blood glucose regulation)
- Positive feedback: Enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus (e.g. labor contractions, platelet plug formation)
Anatomical Position and Body Planes
-
Anatomical Position
- Facing forward, legs together, arms at the side, palms facing forward
-
Body Planes and Sections
- Frontal (Coronal): Divides body into anterior and posterior parts
- Transverse (Horizontal): Divides body into superior and inferior parts
- Sagittal: Divides body into left and right parts
- Midsagittal: Equal left and right parts
- Parasagittal: Unequal left and right parts
Body Cavities and Membranes
-
Body Cavities
- Dorsal Body Cavity: Cranial (brain) and Vertebral (spinal cord) cavities
- Ventral Body Cavity: Thoracic (pleural, pericardial, mediastinum), Abdominopelvic (digestive, liver, pancreas, bladder, reproductive organs)
-
Serosal Membranes
- Function: Line body cavities and covers organs
- Types: Parietal (lines cavity), Visceral (covers organ)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of anatomy and physiology, including the definitions and types of anatomy, as well as an overview of physiological functions. Explore the relationship between anatomical structures and their functions to gain a deeper understanding of the human body.
