Principle Systems of the Human Body

Principle Systems of the Human Body

• The human body is comprised of ten principle systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary/renal, reproductive, nervous & special senses, locomotor/musculoskeletal, integumentary, endocrine, and lymphatic.

Cardiovascular System

• The heart is the central organ of the cardiovascular system, located within the thoracic cavity.
• The heart consists of four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
• The cardiovascular system also includes the pericardium, which surrounds the heart, and major vessels (arteries and veins).

Respiratory System

• The respiratory system is responsible for olfaction (smell) and respiration (gas exchange – moving air to the body and removing waste).
• The respiratory system begins with the nasal cavity and passes through the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree, ending at the lungs.
• The lungs are enclosed by the pleura.

Digestive System

• The digestive system is responsible for digestion (breaking down food), absorption (taking in usable nutrients), and excretion (eliminating waste).
• The digestive system extends from the oral cavity to the anus and travels through the head, neck, thoracic cavity, and abdominal cavity.
• The digestive system includes:
  • Oral Cavity: The oral cavity contains teeth for chewing and the tongue for pushing food toward the pharynx.
  • Pharynx: Connects the oral cavity to the esophagus, transporting food to the next stage.
  • Esophagus: A muscular tube approximately 25cm long, linking the pharynx to the stomach.
  • Stomach: Responsible for food digestion.
  • Small Intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum): The sterile portion of the digestive system, primarily responsible for absorption.
  • Large Intestine (caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal, and anus): Responsible for waste product excretion.
  • Liver: The largest gland in the body, performing many functions. Removes toxins from the bloodstream.
  • Pancreas: A mixed gland producing insulin and digestive enzymes.
  • Spleen: A lymphatic organ that is part of the immune system, filtering and storing blood.

Explore the ten major systems that compose the human body, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems. This quiz will test your knowledge about the functions and structures of these essential systems. Gain a deeper understanding of how each system contributes to overall health and homeostasis.