Human Anatomy & Histology: Human Body Systems II
24 Questions
5 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of muscle is found in the lower one-third of the esophagus?

  • Striated
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth (correct)
  • Skeletal

    • What is the function of zymogenic cells in the stomach?

  • Mucus production
  • Absorption
  • Hormone production
  • Enzyme secretion (correct)

    • What is the name of the glands located near the stomach in the upper one-third of the esophagus?

  • Payer's patches
  • Brunner's glands
  • Gastric glands
  • Simple tubular secreting glands (correct)

    • What is the name of the folds found in the small intestine?

    <p>Plicae circularis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of tissue that covers the intestine?

    <p>Serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the glands found in the duodenum?

    <p>Brunner's glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the large intestine?

    <p>Simple columnar absorptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modified form of the outer longitudinal layer in the large intestine?

    <p>Taenia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall that is composed of loose connective tissue?

    <p>Adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is part of the digestive system and is lined by mucous membrane?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lamina propria in the digestive system?

    <p>Provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall that is made up of smooth muscle?

    <p>Muscularis externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of gland associated with the digestive system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that connects the oral cavity to the stomach?

    <p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of parietal cells in the stomach?

    <p>Secretion of HCl and intrinsic factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell in the small intestine secretes enzymes?

    <p>Paneth cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?

    <p>Secretion of digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cell type in the liver?

    <p>Hepatocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell in the stomach secretes mucous?

    <p>Mucous neck cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cells in the small intestine that function as antigen-presenting cells?

    <p>Microfold cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ in the gastrointestinal tract has both exocrine and endocrine functions?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the liver that forms the functional unit of the organ?

    <p>Cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Digestive System

    • The digestive system consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, and gastro-intestinal tract (GIT)
    • The oral cavity includes lips, tongue, teeth, cheek, and palate
    • The GIT is lined by mucous membrane and consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal canal

    Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

    • The GIT is a hollow tube from esophagus to rectum
    • Its wall is composed of four major layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa (or adventitia)

    Layers of the GIT

    • Mucosa: innermost layer, composed of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae
    • Submucosa: layer of loose connective tissue
    • Muscularis externa: layer of smooth muscle cells
    • Serosa (or adventitia): outermost layer, composed of loose connective tissue

    Stomach

    • The stomach has a mucosa with simple columnar secretory cells, rugae (mucosal and submucosal folds), and gastric glands
    • The upper 1/3 of the stomach has striated muscle, the middle 1/3 has mixed muscle, and the lower 1/3 has smooth muscle

    Small Intestine

    • The small intestine has a mucosa with simple columnar absorptive cells, crypts, and villi
    • The duodenum has Brunner's glands and Payer's patches
    • The ileum has lymphatic nodules and Payer's patches

    Large Intestine

    • The large intestine has a mucosa with simple columnar absorptive cells, crypts, and no villi
    • The colon has lymphatic nodules and teniae coli

    Characteristic Cells in the GIT

    • Stomach: zymogenic cells secrete enzymes, parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor, mucous neck cells secrete mucous, entero-endocrine cells secrete hormones, and undifferentiated stem cells act as stem cells
    • Small intestine: goblet cells secrete mucous, endocrine cells secrete hormones, Paneth cells secrete enzymes, undifferentiated cells act as stem cells, and microfold (M) cells are antigen-presenting cells

    Glands Associated with the GIT

    • Salivary glands: exocrine glands that secrete saliva
    • Liver: has both exocrine and endocrine functions
    • Pancreas: has both exocrine and endocrine parts

    Exocrine Pancreas

    • The exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, such as trypsin and amylase
    • It is formed of stroma and parenchyma, with serous acini that stain with AA and BB
    • The duct opens into the duodenum

    Liver

    • The liver has a very thin stroma and parenchyma, with the main cell type being the hepatocyte or liver cell
    • Hepatocytes are acidophilic, active, polyhedral cells with many surfaces, arranged in cords of 1 or 2 cells thick around the central veins
    • Each hepatocyte has 1-2 large rounded active nucleus

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of human anatomy and histology, focusing on human body systems II, as part of the MED 122 course for Pharm D students.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser