Community Health Nursing 2 on Primary Health Care

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Questions and Answers

What was the end goal of the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach under Ferdinand Marcos?

The end goal was for people to be self-reliant in their health care.

What are the 4 A's of Primary Health Care?

The 4 A's are Accessibility, Availability, Affordability, and Acceptability.

Explain the principle of Accessibility in the context of Primary Health Care.

Accessibility means that essential health services should be available to citizens within a reasonable geographical distance and timeframe.

Why is Affordability crucial in achieving effective Primary Health Care?

Affordability ensures that health services are within the financial reach of individuals and families, with government subsidies aiding the poorest. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'MAD ELEMENTS' acronym stand for in the components of Primary Health Care?

MAD ELEMENTS stands for Mental Health, Access to Sentrong Sigla, and Dental Health among others. Signup and view all the answers

How does integrating mental health services into Primary Health Care benefit communities?

It addresses the growing burden of mental health issues and provides community-based support and treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Acceptability in the delivery of health services?

Acceptability ensures that health services align with the prevailing beliefs and practices of the intended clients. Signup and view all the answers

Describe a key aspect of the Expanded Program of Immunization as part of Primary Health Care.

It aims to provide immunization against major infectious diseases to protect the population. Signup and view all the answers

What are the core principles of Primary Health Care (PHC)?

The core principles of PHC include equity, social justice, and community participation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Alma Ata Declaration regarding Primary Health Care?

The main goal was to achieve 'Health for All by the Year 2000.' Signup and view all the answers

What significant event did the Astana Declaration commemorate?

The Astana Declaration commemorated the 40th anniversary of the first Global Conference on Primary Health Care. Signup and view all the answers

How does Primary Health Care emphasize disease prevention?

PHC emphasizes disease prevention by integrating various levels of care and promoting health. Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal basis for the implementation of PHC in the Philippines?

The legal basis was established through Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components focused on by Primary Health Care?

PHC focuses on prevention, health promotion, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care. Signup and view all the answers

What role do community participation and acceptability play in PHC?

Community participation and acceptability ensure that health services meet the needs and preferences of the population. Signup and view all the answers

When and where was the Alma Ata Declaration signed?

The Alma Ata Declaration was signed during the first International Conference on PHC in September 1978 in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal care in maternal and child healthcare?

To ensure the health and well-being of mothers and children. Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'Unang Yakap' program contribute to maternal care services?

It promotes essential newborn care and provides free maternal care services in public health facilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the 'Botika ng Barangay' program?

To make essential medicines affordable and accessible in rural areas. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program' (4Ps) aim to address?

It aims to address malnutrition and promote adequate nutrition through conditional cash transfers. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key differences between communicable and non-communicable diseases?

Communicable diseases can be transmitted from person to person, while non-communicable diseases are chronic and not infectious. Signup and view all the answers

What interventions are required for the treatment of communicable diseases?

Interventions include medication, vaccination, isolation, and public health measures. Signup and view all the answers

What management strategies are important for non-communicable diseases (NCDs)?

Long-term management strategies include lifestyle modifications, medications, and regular monitoring. Signup and view all the answers

How does nutritional education contribute to food security programs?

Nutritional education promotes awareness and practices that support healthy eating and food choices. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of providing access to safe drinking water and sanitation?

To prevent waterborne diseases and improve public health. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three levels of healthcare delivery systems?

Primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Signup and view all the answers

What type of healthcare facility is associated with the primary level of prevention?

Community Health Centers or Barangay Health Stations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the target group for secondary level prevention?

Sick or at-risk individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Name one activity involved in tertiary level prevention.

Physical therapy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of primary level prevention?

To prevent or delay the actual occurrence of disease. Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym RA 8423 stand for?

Traditional and Alternative Medicinal Act. Signup and view all the answers

Who created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care?

Juan Flavier through RA 8423. Signup and view all the answers

What is one practice aimed at primary level prevention?

Immunization. Signup and view all the answers

What role do contact tracers play in the healthcare system?

They identify and manage individuals who may have been exposed to infectious diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of health services do secondary healthcare facilities provide?

Minor operations and laboratory examinations. Signup and view all the answers

List one example of a vector control activity.

Destroying breeding sites for mosquitoes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OPLAN Timbang program?

To monitor the nutritional status of children. Signup and view all the answers

What does tertiary prevention aim to prevent?

Death and limit disability from diagnosed illness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the preparation method for Lagundi when used for headaches?

Pound the leaves and apply them to the forehead or drink a decoction half a cup three times a day. Signup and view all the answers

Which herbal medicine should be considered for hypertension and how can it be prepared?

Bawang is used for hypertension, and it can be fried, roasted, or soaked in vinegar for 30 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Ulasimang Bato in herbal medicine?

Ulasimang Bato is primarily used as a uric acid lowering agent and to treat gouty arthritis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the preparation involved in using Yerba Buena for pain relief.

Boil the leaves in two glasses of water for 15 minutes and drink the decoction divided into two parts. Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken if symptoms persist after using herbal medicine?

Consult a physician if symptoms persist after taking 2-3 doses. Signup and view all the answers

Identify one significant medicinal use of Bayabas and how it is prepared.

Bayabas is used to treat diarrhea and can be prepared by boiling young leaves and consuming 3-4 times a day. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main therapeutic action of Sambong, and what is a key preparation method?

Sambong acts as a diuretic and is prepared by boiling chopped leaves in a glass of water. Signup and view all the answers

How should the decoction of herbal medicine be stored to maintain its freshness?

Keep the decoction lukewarm in a flask or thermos to maintain freshness for the day. Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication associated with Sambong?

Sambong should not be used for kidney infections. Signup and view all the answers

What type of symptoms does Akapulko address, and how is it applied?

Akapulko is used to treat fungal infections like ringworm and is applied as a cream or paste on affected areas. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Primary Health Care (PHC) Overview

PHC provides accessible, affordable, and quality health services to individuals and communities.
Focuses on prevention, health promotion, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care.
Aims to address the majority of health needs across an individual's life, emphasizing equity and community participation.
Integrates various care levels, from community health workers to specialized services.

Historical Milestones in PHC

Alma Ata Declaration (1978): First International Conference on PHC aimed for "Health for All by 2000."
Astana Declaration (2018): Commemorated 40 years of the first PHC conference, hosted by WHO, UNICEF, and Kazakhstan.
Letter of Instruction 949: Philippines became the first Asian country to adopt PHC as a national strategy in October 1979.

Principles of PHC (4 A’s)

Accessibility: Health services should be within 5 km and reachable within 30 minutes.
Availability: Care is available 24/7 as per people's needs.
Affordability: Costs are manageable, with government subsidies for low-income families.
Acceptability: Services align with the cultural beliefs and practices of clients.

Components of PHC ("MAD Elements")

Mental Health Services: Integration of mental health support and counseling in primary care.
Maternal and Child Healthcare: Programs like "Unang Yakap" for newborn care and free maternal services.
Essential Drugs Arrangement: "Botika ng Barangay" program ensures drug access in rural areas.
Nutritional Support: Initiatives like "Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program" address malnutrition and promote healthy practices.
Safe Water and Sanitation: Construction of water supply systems and sanitation facilities to prevent diseases.

Healthcare Worker Ratios

Barangay Health Workers: 1 per 20 households
Midwives: 1 per 5,000 individuals
Nurses: 1 per 20,000 individuals
Physicians: 1 per 20,000 individuals
Dentists: 1 per 50,000 individuals

Levels of Healthcare Delivery

Primary Level: Basic health services via Rural Health Units and community health centers.
Secondary Level: Referral for minor operations, with hospitals typically having 100-200 beds.
Tertiary Level: Specialized medical services involving complex interventions.

Levels of Prevention

Primary Prevention: Focus on healthy individuals to prevent disease; includes health education and immunization.
Secondary Prevention: Aims at early detection in at-risk individuals through screenings and diagnostic tests.
Tertiary Prevention: Targets individuals with diagnosed conditions to limit disability and enhance recovery through rehabilitation.

Traditional and Alternative Medicine

RA 8423 established the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) to support research and promotion of traditional medicine.

Approved Herbal Medicines

Sambong: Used for urinary issues.
Akapulko: Treats fungal infections.
Niyog-niyogan: Anti-helminthic for worm expulsion.
Lagundi: Used for respiratory issues and pain relief.
Yerba Buena: Acts as an analgesic for various pains.

Guidelines for Herbal Medicine Use

Boil herbs in clay pots without cover to preserve potency.
Consult a physician if symptoms persist after several doses.
Decoctions should be used fresh within a day.

Notable Herbal Remedies

Lagundi: Effective for headaches, rheumatism; taken as a decoction.
Ulasimang Bato: Treats gout and lowers uric acid; consumed boiled.
Bawang (Garlic): Used for hypertension and cholesterol management; can be consumed in multiple forms.
Bayabas (Guava): Used as an antiseptic for wounds and diarrhea.

This compilation of notes efficiently highlights the core aspects of Primary Health Care as it relates to health promotion in the Philippines, outlining historical milestones, guiding principles, components, and traditional medicine.

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Explore the concepts of Primary Health Care within the framework of Community Health Nursing 2. This quiz will cover the importance of accessible and quality health services, including prevention, health promotion, and rehabilitation, aimed at achieving healthier communities. Test your understanding of how these principles apply to Filipino populations.