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Questions and Answers

What is the most potent form of Vitamin A?

  • Beta Carotene
  • Vitamin A 2
  • Vitamin A l (correct)
  • Carotene

    • Which of the following symptoms are associated with Hypervitaminosis A?

  • Alopecia
  • Anorexia
  • Pseudotumor cerebri
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the daily requirement of iodine for an average adult?

  • 100 mg/day
  • 150 mg/day (correct)
  • 200 mg/day
  • 50 mg/day

    • What is the concentration of iodine in iodized salt in India?

    <p>1 in 40,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of health education in the prevention of air pollution?

    <p>To raise awareness about pollution effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is used to measure the flow of light?

    <p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is not present in eggs?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the richest source of niacin?

    <p>Sheep liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the term 'sanitary protective zone'?

    <p>Distance between residence zone and industrial zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are UV-rays a part of?

    <p>Integral flow of sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endemic Goitre is more commonly found in which region?

    <p>Bihar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food is not a rich source of calcium?

    <p>White rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biological importance of sun rays?

    <p>Enhance night vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can high atmospheric pressure cause?

    <p>Air embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an anemometer?

    <p>Measure air velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit measures the amount of light reaching a surface?

    <p>Lux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements are considered alien (foreigner) elements in food?

    <p>Radioactive elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main goals of hygiene in nutrition?

    <p>Studying food intake in different living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary source of energy in diet?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many essential amino acids are required for adults?

    <p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is known to be deficient in lysine?

    <p>Cereal proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical daily requirement of protein for adults?

    <p>1.2 gm/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fatty acids is classified as saturated?

    <p>Stearic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food sources are high in linoleic acid?

    <p>Sunflower oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of vitamin B1?

    <p>Milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of well is most associated with the prevalence of Guinea worm disease?

    <p>Step well</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foodborne illness has an incubation period of 12 to 24 hours?

    <p>Salmonella food poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum distance a sanitary well should be from a source of contamination?

    <p>50 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT associated with Botulism?

    <p>Bloody diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests detects inadequate pasteurization?

    <p>Methylene blue reduction test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of a sanitary well?

    <p>No covering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which water hardness level is considered soft water?

    <p>Less than 1 mEq/litre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for measuring the quality of fresh milk?

    <p>Specific gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that contributes to permanent hardness in water?

    <p>Magnesium sulphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is caused by the ingestion of contaminated meat?

    <p>Cysticercosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism is responsible for producing aflatoxin?

    <p>Aspergillus flavus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest recommended level of chloride in drinking water?

    <p>200 mg/lit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the historical year in which the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act was enacted?

    <p>1954</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is a major contributor to waterborne diseases?

    <p>Fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most useful screening test for lead exposure?

    <p>Lead in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is not associated with lung cancer?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is particularly associated with the aniline industry?

    <p>Bladder cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about occupational cancer is incorrect?

    <p>Cessation of exposure arrests cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which occupational disease is the most common?

    <p>Plumbism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is recognized as an occupational hazard?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Indian Factories Act of 1948 was amended in which year?

    <p>1976</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for a factory as defined in the Factories Act?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effectively removes both temporary and permanent hardness in water?

    <p>Base exchange process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Preventive and Social Medicine - Hygiene and Ecology (Tests 4th Semester)

    • Multifactorial Causation of Disease: The concept of multifactorial causation of disease was propounded by Pettenkofer.

    • Early Diagnosis and Treatment: Early diagnosis and treatment is a secondary prevention.

    • Mental Retardation Classification (WHO):

      • Mild: IQ 50-70
      • Severe: IQ 20-34

    • Communicable Disease Program Objective: Prevention is the primary objective of a communicable disease program.

    • Diarrhea Prevention: Oral rehydration is a key strategy to prevent deaths due to diarrhea.

    Preventive and Social Medicine - Hygiene and Ecology (Tests 5th Semester)

    • Cow's Milk Composition: Protein content is approximately 3.5 gm%, and caloric yield per liter is about 70 kcal.

    • Cooking Oil with Highest Essential Fatty Acid: Sunflower oil contains the highest amount of essential fatty acids.

    • Epidemic Dropsy Toxin: Sanguinarine is the toxin that causes epidemic dropsy.

    • Casein to Albumin Ratio (Human Milk): Approximately 7:1.

    • Additional Protein Lactation: The daily requirement during lactation is approximately 25g.

    • Essential Fatty Acid Exceptions: Oleic acid is not an essential fatty acid.

    • Percentage of Illness Due to Ecological Factors (WHO): About 25%.

    • Founder of Ecology as a Science: Hekkel.

    Hygiene and Ecology (Additional Information)

    • Coh Units: Used to express air pollution caused by smoke.

    • Air Indicators: Soiling index, suspended particle count, SO2 concentration are indicators of air pollution.

    • CO2 Measurement: Often measured by Pattern Kopfler's test.

    • Leading Sources of Air Pollution: Transport vehicles, industries, and power plants are significant sources of air pollution.

    • Earth Atmosphere Layers: Layers are Troposphere, Stratosphere, and others.

    • Hygienic Values of CO2 in Air: CO2 is necessary for living organisms, but high concentrations can be dangerous. High levels can affect breathing capacity.

    • Air Pollution Impact on Health: Air pollution is linked to various health issues, including higher rates of respiratory diseases, eye diseases, skin diseases, and cancers.

    • Sanitary Protective Zone: The distance between a residential area and an industrial zone.

    Hygiene of Children

    • Xerophthalmia: Prevalence criteria include night blindness >1%, Bitot's spots >0.5%, and keratomalacia > 0.5%.

    • Daily Retinol Requirement During Lactation: 600 mg.

    • Ideal Desk Type: "Minus" type desk.

    • Classroom Window Arrangement: Windows should not be directly on or near exterior walls.

    • Ratio of Urinals and Latrines: One latrine to 100 students, and one urinal to every 60 students.

    • Optimal Attention Span (7-10 Year Olds): 15-20 minutes.

    • Typical Health Concerns: Malnutrition and dental caries are common.

    Sanitary and Occupational Health

    • Respirable Dust: Dust particles less than five microns (µm) are respirable.

    • Insoluble Dusts: Silica, asbestos, coal, and cotton dusts are mostly insoluble.

    • Hazards Related to Cold: Chilblains, immersion foot, frostbite.

    • Work-Related Diseases: Anthracosis (coal dust), byssinosis (cotton dust), silicosis (silica dust). Farmer's lung (mouldy hay dust).

    Food Hygiene and Foodborne Diseases

    • Foodborne Poisoning Incubation Periods: Salmonella food poisoning often has a 12-24 hour incubation period.

    • Foodborne Toxin Examples: Staphylococcal food poisoning toxins are performed toxins. Botulism and Clostridial toxins is a common concern.

    Other Information

    • Waterborne Diseases: Waterborne illness quality is evaluated by factors such as hard, high mineral content, and the presence of pathogens.

    • Typical Water Requirement: Recommended water allowance per capita per day is about 150 - 200 liters.

    • Sanitary Well Location: A well should be at least 50 feet from any potential contaminants.

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