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Questions and Answers
What is defined as mass per unit volume?
What is defined as mass per unit volume?
- Density (correct)
- Pressure
- Weight
- Volume
What measurement should be considered when calculating the pressure exerted by a column of liquid?
What measurement should be considered when calculating the pressure exerted by a column of liquid?
- Specific gravity and temperature
- Weight and area
- Height and specific gravity (correct)
- Height and temperature
What does atmospheric pressure at sea level typically measure in psia?
What does atmospheric pressure at sea level typically measure in psia?
- 16.0
- 15.0
- 10.5
- 14.7 (correct)
When the area over which a force is applied increases, how does pressure change?
When the area over which a force is applied increases, how does pressure change?
What is the primary source of pressure exerted by solids and liquids?
What is the primary source of pressure exerted by solids and liquids?
How much pressure (psig) does one cubic foot of water exert?
How much pressure (psig) does one cubic foot of water exert?
What concept does specific gravity compare?
What concept does specific gravity compare?
Which gas contributes to pressure during its heating process?
Which gas contributes to pressure during its heating process?
In terms of safety, what is more dangerous if a vessel ruptures at the same pressure?
In terms of safety, what is more dangerous if a vessel ruptures at the same pressure?
What occurs to atmospheric pressure when ascending to higher altitudes?
What occurs to atmospheric pressure when ascending to higher altitudes?
What is the value in psig at the bottom of a tank that holds 5 ft of a material with a specific gravity of 0.85?
What is the value in psig at the bottom of a tank that holds 5 ft of a material with a specific gravity of 0.85?
Which environment poses a greater danger in case of a rupture, given both have the same pressure of 1,000 pounds psig?
Which environment poses a greater danger in case of a rupture, given both have the same pressure of 1,000 pounds psig?
How much head pressure is exerted by 6 ft of a liquid with a specific gravity of 1.2 in an open tank?
How much head pressure is exerted by 6 ft of a liquid with a specific gravity of 1.2 in an open tank?
Given the formula P = 0.433 x SG x H, what does H stand for?
Given the formula P = 0.433 x SG x H, what does H stand for?
What does a pressure gauge (psig) read if it is located 4 ft from the bottom of an open tank with a liquid level of 12 ft and specific gravity of 1.1?
What does a pressure gauge (psig) read if it is located 4 ft from the bottom of an open tank with a liquid level of 12 ft and specific gravity of 1.1?
How much pressure does 10 ft of liquid with a specific gravity of 0.8 produce in a closed vessel with 5 psi of nitrogen pressure on top?
How much pressure does 10 ft of liquid with a specific gravity of 0.8 produce in a closed vessel with 5 psi of nitrogen pressure on top?
What pressure (psi) corresponds to a height of 360 inches in liquid with a specific gravity of 1.20?
What pressure (psi) corresponds to a height of 360 inches in liquid with a specific gravity of 1.20?
Which of the following conversions is correct for pressure expressed in inches of water column (w.c.) to psi?
Which of the following conversions is correct for pressure expressed in inches of water column (w.c.) to psi?
If the specific gravity of a liquid is 0.85 and it exerts a head pressure of 12 ft, what is the total psig resulting from this height?
If the specific gravity of a liquid is 0.85 and it exerts a head pressure of 12 ft, what is the total psig resulting from this height?
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Study Notes
Pressure Measurement Devices
- A manometer is a common pressure gauge device.
- Vacuum is when the pressure measurement is below atmospheric pressure.
Pressure
- Pressure is defined as force divided by area.
- Atmospheric Pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere, 14.7 psia at sea level.
- The higher the altitude, the lower the atmospheric pressure.
- Specific Gravity is the density of a material relative to the density of water.
- Head Pressure refers to pressure exerted by a column of liquid.
Head Pressure Formula
- Head pressure is calculated using the formula: P = Height x Specific Gravity x 0.433.
Density
- Density is defined as mass per unit volume.
- One cubic foot of water weighs 62.4 pounds.
- One cubic foot of water exerts 0.433 psi of pressure.
Pressure Variations
- If the force increases, the pressure also increases.
- If the area increases, the pressure decreases.
Safety Considerations
- Gas tanks (at the same pressure) are more dangerous than liquid tanks upon vessel rupture.
- Gas expands rapidly and the force is much faster upon depressurization.
Hydrostatic Head Calculations
- Hydrostatic Head is the pressure exerted by a column of liquid, determined by the liquid’s height and specific gravity.
- The formula to calculate hydrostatic head is: P = 0.433 x SG x H.
- One PSI is equivalent to 27.7 inches of water column (in WC).
- Actual inches of liquid level converted to inches WC by multiplying it by its specific gravity: (Actual inches level x Specific Gravity = Inches WC level)
Pressure Gauge Interpretation
- On the psig scale, zero represents atmospheric pressure.
- Pressure gauge readings reflect the pressure above atmospheric pressure.
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