Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of an inclined tube manometer?
to measure small changes in pressure
What are the general categories for pressure transducers?
The Bourdon tube has a circular cross section.
False
What happens when there is a pressure difference between the outside and inside of a Bourdon tube?
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What is one common error to which pressure transducers are subject?
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What type of element is a bellows sensing element?
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Bourdon tube gauges are only suitable for high pressure measurements.
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The bellows is housed within a chamber that can be sealed and ______ for absolute measurements.
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What effect does loading error have on electrical transducers?
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Study Notes
Inclined Tube Manometer
- Used for measuring small pressure changes.
- Comprises a U-tube with one leg inclined at an angle (typically 10 to 30 degrees).
Shear Forces
- Defined as a force acting parallel to a surface or section.
- Common in fluid dynamics and directly related to viscosity.
- Shear strain occurs due to shear forces.
Buoyancy
- An object submerged in a liquid experiences buoyancy equal to the weight of the displaced liquid.
- This principle explains why lighter objects float, while denser objects may sink but remain easier to lift.
Pressure Transducers
- Categorized into absolute, gauge, vacuum, and differential types based on application.
- Absolute transducers use a reference cavity at absolute zero pressure.
- Gauge transducers measure pressures relative to the atmosphere.
- Differential transducers assess the pressure difference between two sources.
- Vacuum transducers are specialized absolute transducers for low-pressure readings.
Common Errors in Pressure Transducers
- Subject to various errors such as resolution, zero shift, linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, noise, and drift due to temperature changes.
- Electrical transducers face loading errors affecting accuracy and nonlinearity.
Bourdon Tube
- A curved metal tube with an elliptical cross-section that deforms when pressure is applied.
- One end fixed, while internal pressure causes the free end to deflect.
- Deflection magnitude is proportional to internal pressure difference.
- Variants include C-shaped, spiral, and twisted designs.
- Can be exposed to atmospheric pressure for gauge measurements or sealed for absolute readings.
- Mechanical dial gauges are common applications, featuring a linkage converting tube movement into pointer rotation.
- Typical uncertainties range from 0.5% to 2%, with some high-quality models achieving 0.1%.
Bellows and Capsule Elements
- Bellows: A flexible, thin-walled metal tube with deep convolutions, sealed at one end. Experiences length changes due to pressure differences.
- Capsule: Similar to a bellows but with a wider diameter and shorter length.
- Both elements typically housed in a chamber for different measurement types (absolute, differential, or gauge).
- Mechanically linked to a transducer, often using a potentiometer or LVDT for accurate displacement measurement.
- LVDTs are favored for their high sensitivity, especially in low-pressure applications.
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Description
Explore the concepts of inclined tube manometers and their application in measuring small pressure changes. This quiz covers fundamental principles such as shear forces and viscosity, relevant to fluid mechanics. Test your understanding of how manometers function and their importance in fluid dynamics.
