Pressure in Solids and Liquids

Study Notes

Pressure in solids is uniform in all directions
Solids resist changes in volume and shape due to their rigid molecular structure
Pressure in solids is transmitted equally in all directions, allowing them to maintain their shape
Examples: solids under compression, solids under tension

Pressure in liquids is also uniform in all directions
Liquids resist changes in volume, but not shape
Pressure in liquids is transmitted equally in all directions, allowing them to take the shape of their container
Pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the liquid above
Formula: P = ρgh, where P is pressure, ρ is density, g is gravity, and h is height
Examples: hydraulic systems, water pressure in pipes

Pressure in gases is also uniform in all directions
Gases expand to fill their container and can be compressed to change their volume
Pressure in gases is transmitted equally in all directions, but can be affected by temperature and volume changes
Formula: PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is gas constant, and T is temperature
Examples: atmospheric pressure, compressed gas cylinders

Pressure is a force per unit area (P = F/A)
Units of pressure include pascals (Pa), pounds per square inch (psi), and atmospheres (atm)
Pressure is a scalar quantity, with no direction
Pressure can be measured using devices such as manometers, barometers, and pressure gauges

Solids have a rigid molecular structure, allowing them to resist changes in both volume and shape.
As a result, pressure in solids is uniform in all directions and is transmitted equally in all directions, maintaining their shape.
Examples of pressure in solids include solids under compression and solids under tension.

Liquids have a molecular structure that resists changes in volume, but not shape, allowing them to take the shape of their container.
Pressure in liquids is also uniform in all directions and increases with depth due to the weight of the liquid above.
The formula to calculate pressure in liquids is P = ρgh, where P is pressure, ρ is density, g is gravity, and h is height.
Examples of pressure in liquids include hydraulic systems and water pressure in pipes.

Gases have a molecular structure that allows them to expand to fill their container and be compressed to change their volume.
Pressure in gases is uniform in all directions, but can be affected by temperature and volume changes.
The formula to calculate pressure in gases is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is gas constant, and T is temperature.
Examples of pressure in gases include atmospheric pressure and compressed gas cylinders.

Pressure is defined as a force per unit area (P = F/A).
Units of pressure include pascals (Pa), pounds per square inch (psi), and atmospheres (atm).
Pressure is a scalar quantity, meaning it has no direction.
Pressure can be measured using devices such as manometers, barometers, and pressure gauges.