Preparation of Alkanes
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Preparation of Alkanes

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Questions and Answers

What is the most important method for the preparation of alkanes mentioned in the text?

  • Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes (correct)
  • Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes
  • Hydrolysis of Grignard reagent
  • Reduction of alkyl halides
  • What type of bond in alkenes is relatively weak and reactive?

  • Covalent bond
  • Ionic bond
  • Pi (π) bond (correct)
  • Sigma (σ) bond
  • What is the purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

  • It increases the rate of the reaction (correct)
  • It consumes itself in the reaction
  • It changes the reactants
  • It decreases the rate of the reaction
  • Which type of compounds have one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane replaced by halogen atoms?

    <p>Alkyl halides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the generic formula of a Grignard reagent?

    <p>$R-Mg-X$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves converting alkenes into alkanes using a small amount of catalyst and hydrogen gas?

    <p>Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for the Grignard reagent?

    <p>RMgX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metal is commonly used in the preparation of the Grignard reagent?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the replacement of a halogen atom in an alkyl halide with a hydrogen atom?

    <p>Reduction by metal and acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the carbon skeleton like after the reduction of an alkyl halide?

    <p>It remains intact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is formed when a Grignard reagent reacts with water?

    <p>Carboxylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of organometallic reagents, like the Grignard reagent, mentioned in the text?

    <p>They have a highly polar carbon-metal bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the higher electronegativity of carbon compared to magnesium have on the carbon atom in the Grignard reagent?

    <p>It pulls the bonding electrons towards itself creating a partial negative charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is electronegativity a measure of, according to the text?

    <p>Tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method mentioned in the text is unique in forming carbon-carbon bonds and generating a new, larger carbon skeleton?

    <p>Coupling of alkyl halides with organometallic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do organolithium reagents react with cuprous iodide to form, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Lithium diorganocopper reagents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of organometallic chemistry, what role do Grignard reagents typically serve?

    <p>Serving as strong nucleophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using Gilman reagents in organic synthesis?

    <p>To form carbon-carbon bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about R'X in the synthesis using Gilman reagents?

    <p>R'X can be a primary halide for optimal results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cuprous halide (CuX) play in the formation of alkyl lithium?

    <p>Activates the alkyl halide towards nucleophilic attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the alkyl group R during the reaction involving Gilman reagents?

    <p>It transfers to copper before attaching to R'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the formation of organolithium reagents?

    <p>Reaction of lithium metal with an alkylhalide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for R'X to be a primary halide for good yields in the synthesis process?

    <p>'X' ions from primary halides are easily substituted by nucleophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gilman reagents are formed by reacting alkylhalides with lithium metal.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To synthesize an alkane with a higher carbon number, it is necessary to form carbon-oxygen bonds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the formation of alkyllithium, cuprous iodide is added first before the alkyl halide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The alkane is ultimately synthesized from three alkyl halides.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gilman reagents require that R'X should be a tertiary halide for good yields.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction involving Gilman reagents, the alkyl group R is transferred from zinc.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evidence strongly suggests that the mechanism of Gilman reagents involves electrophilic aromatic substitution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organolithium reagents react with cuprous iodide to form alkyl lithium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The general formula for a Grignard reagent is R-X.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of cuprous halide (CuX) in forming alkyl lithium is to act as a catalyst.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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