33 Questions
What is the most important method for the preparation of alkanes mentioned in the text?
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes
What type of bond in alkenes is relatively weak and reactive?
Pi (π) bond
What is the purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
It increases the rate of the reaction
Which type of compounds have one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane replaced by halogen atoms?
Alkyl halides
What is the generic formula of a Grignard reagent?
$R-Mg-X$
Which method involves converting alkenes into alkanes using a small amount of catalyst and hydrogen gas?
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes
What is the general formula for the Grignard reagent?
RMgX
What metal is commonly used in the preparation of the Grignard reagent?
Magnesium
Which method involves the replacement of a halogen atom in an alkyl halide with a hydrogen atom?
Reduction by metal and acid
What is the carbon skeleton like after the reduction of an alkyl halide?
It remains intact
Which compound is formed when a Grignard reagent reacts with water?
Carboxylic acid
What is the main characteristic of organometallic reagents, like the Grignard reagent, mentioned in the text?
They have a highly polar carbon-metal bond
What effect does the higher electronegativity of carbon compared to magnesium have on the carbon atom in the Grignard reagent?
It pulls the bonding electrons towards itself creating a partial negative charge
What is electronegativity a measure of, according to the text?
Tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
Which method mentioned in the text is unique in forming carbon-carbon bonds and generating a new, larger carbon skeleton?
Coupling of alkyl halides with organometallic compounds
What do organolithium reagents react with cuprous iodide to form, as discussed in the text?
Lithium diorganocopper reagents
In the context of organometallic chemistry, what role do Grignard reagents typically serve?
Serving as strong nucleophiles
What is the primary purpose of using Gilman reagents in organic synthesis?
To form carbon-carbon bonds
Which of the following statements is true about R'X in the synthesis using Gilman reagents?
R'X can be a primary halide for optimal results
What role does cuprous halide (CuX) play in the formation of alkyl lithium?
Activates the alkyl halide towards nucleophilic attack
What happens to the alkyl group R during the reaction involving Gilman reagents?
It transfers to copper before attaching to R'
Which statement best describes the formation of organolithium reagents?
Reaction of lithium metal with an alkylhalide
Why is it essential for R'X to be a primary halide for good yields in the synthesis process?
'X' ions from primary halides are easily substituted by nucleophiles
Gilman reagents are formed by reacting alkylhalides with lithium metal.
True
To synthesize an alkane with a higher carbon number, it is necessary to form carbon-oxygen bonds.
False
In the formation of alkyllithium, cuprous iodide is added first before the alkyl halide.
False
The alkane is ultimately synthesized from three alkyl halides.
False
Gilman reagents require that R'X should be a tertiary halide for good yields.
False
In the reaction involving Gilman reagents, the alkyl group R is transferred from zinc.
False
Evidence strongly suggests that the mechanism of Gilman reagents involves electrophilic aromatic substitution.
False
Organolithium reagents react with cuprous iodide to form alkyl lithium.
False
The general formula for a Grignard reagent is R-X.
False
The role of cuprous halide (CuX) in forming alkyl lithium is to act as a catalyst.
False
Learn about the preparation of alkanes through the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes. Explore how the double bond in alkenes can be broken to form alkanes by adding reagents and utilizing hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst.
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