18 Questions
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
Nasal congestion
What is one of the physical symptoms associated with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
Breast tenderness or swelling
What is the estimated 12-month prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
Between 1.8% and 5.8%
What is required to confirm Criterion A of the diagnostic criteria?
Prospective daily ratings during at least two symptomatic cycles
What is NOT a requirement for the diagnosis of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
Symptoms must be present in the postmenstrual phase
What is the estimated prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in women with symptoms meeting the full criteria without functional impairment?
1.8%
What percentage of heritability is estimated for premenstrual symptoms?
30% to 80%
What is the incidence of new cases of premenstrual dysphoric disorder over a 40-month follow-up period?
2.5%
What is the main difference between premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder?
The number of symptoms required
What is the effect of oral contraceptives on premenstrual complaints?
They decrease symptoms
At what stage of life do symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder typically cease?
After menopause
What is dysmenorrhea characterized by?
Painful menses
What is a common symptom of a manic episode?
Talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
Which of the following is a symptom of a major depressive episode?
Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day
A person experiencing a manic episode may exhibit which of the following symptoms?
Pathologic gambling
What is a key feature of a major depressive episode?
Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of a manic episode?
Disrobe in public
What is a symptom of a major depressive episode?
Diminished ability to think or concentrate
Study Notes
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
- Marked change in appetite, overeating, or specific food cravings
- Hypersomnia or insomnia
- Feeling of being overwhelmed or out of control
- Physical symptoms: breast tenderness, swelling, joint or muscle pain, bloating, or weight gain
Diagnostic Criteria
- Associated with clinically significant distress or interference with daily life, social activities, or relationships
- Not merely an exacerbation of another disorder (e.g., major depressive disorder, panic disorder, etc.)
- Criterion A confirmed by prospective daily ratings during at least two symptomatic cycles
- Not attributable to physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition
Prevalence
- 12-month prevalence: 1.8% to 5.8%
- Rigorous estimate: 1.8% for women with full criteria without functional impairment, 1.3% with functional impairment and no co-occurring symptoms
Risk and Prognostic Factors
- Environmental: stress, history of interpersonal trauma, seasonal changes, sociocultural aspects of female sexual behavior
- Genetic and physiological: heritability unknown, 30% to 80% for premenstrual symptoms
- Course modifiers: oral contraceptives may reduce premenstrual complaints
Development and Course
- Onset: any point after menarche
- Incidence of new cases: 2.5% over 40-month follow-up period
- Symptoms worsen approaching menopause, cease after menopause
Differential Diagnosis
- Premenstrual syndrome: fewer symptoms, no affective symptoms requirement
- Dysmenorrhea: painful menses, distinct from affective changes
Clinical Features
- Manic episode: flight of ideas, increased activity, decreased sleep, talkative, grandiosity, distractibility
- Major depressive episode: depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, weight changes, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to think or concentrate
Test your knowledge of the diagnostic criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), including symptoms such as changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, and physical symptoms. Learn how to identify PMDD and its impact on daily life.
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