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Questions and Answers
What is a major sign of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
What is a major sign of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
What is the priority nursing care for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
What is the priority nursing care for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
Which diagnostic finding is associated with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
Which diagnostic finding is associated with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
What is the primary cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
What is the primary cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
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What is a common long-term complication associated with infants at risk?
What is a common long-term complication associated with infants at risk?
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Which medication is used for the treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Which medication is used for the treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
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What is the main difference between small for gestational age infants and large for gestational age infants?
What is the main difference between small for gestational age infants and large for gestational age infants?
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What is a common cause of small for gestational age infants?
What is a common cause of small for gestational age infants?
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What is the primary priority in nursing care for newborns in the first few days?
What is the primary priority in nursing care for newborns in the first few days?
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What is a clinical manifestation of large for gestational age infants?
What is a clinical manifestation of large for gestational age infants?
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What is a possible maternal condition that can contribute to a small for gestational age infant?
What is a possible maternal condition that can contribute to a small for gestational age infant?
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Which factor plays a significant role in determining if an infant is classified as small for gestational age?
Which factor plays a significant role in determining if an infant is classified as small for gestational age?
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Study Notes
Premature Infant
- Delivered after 42 weeks of gestation
- Abundant scalp hair
- Visible creases on palms and soles of feet with minimal fat deposits
- Absence of lanugo
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Infants
- Infants whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed
- Birth weight falls below the 10th percentile on the intrauterine growth chart
- Causes:
- Poor nutrition during pregnancy
- Placental defects and complications
- Teenage pregnancies
- Hypertensive mother
- Age: under 18 or over 35 years old
- Poor nutrition during pregnancy
- Maternal condition (HPN, anemia, DM)
Priority Nursing Care in the First Few Days
- Initiation and maintenance of respirations
- Maintenance of hydration and normal glucose
- Thermoregulation
- Correct IVF rate
- Breastfeeding (q 3-4 hrs)
- Control of body temperature
- Maintain neutral thermal environment
- Monitor vital signs
- Keep the newborn hydrated
- Assess integrity of the skin
Large for Gestational Age (LGA) Infants
- Birth weight falls above the 90th percentile on the intrauterine charts
- Weighs more than 4000g
- Have been subjected to an overproduction of growth hormone in utero
- Clinical manifestations:
- Large (> 9 lbs)
- Plump full face
- Body size is proportionate
- Poor motor skills
- Difficulty regulating behavioral state
- Complications:
- Fetal (stillbirth, anomalies, shoulder dystocia)
- Neonatal (low APGAR score, hypoglycemia, birth injury, hypocalcemia, polycythemia, jaundice, feeding difficulties)
- Long-term (obesity, type 2 diabetes, neurologic or behavioral problems)
Nursing Care for LGA Infants
- Observe for potential complications
- Monitor blood glucose
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
- Condition of surfactant deficiency and physiologic immunity of the thorax
- Diagnostic exams:
- X-ray
- Blood glucose
- Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABG)
- Fetal Lung Maturity Assay
- Diagnostic findings:
- Diffuse granular pattern like broken glass appearance on chest x-ray
- Hypoxemia
- Increased carbon dioxide
- Respiratory acidosis on ABG
- Medications:
- Artificial surfactant
- Nitric oxide
- Clinical manifestations:
- Tachypnea (> 60)
- Flaring nares
- Expiratory grunting, dyspnea
- Chest retractions (sternal and subcostal)
- Seesaw respirations
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)
- Aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium into fetal or newborn trachea in utero at first breath
- Occurs primarily in full-term and post-term infants
- Assessment:
- Widened anteroposterior diameter of the chest (barrel-chest)
- Greenish stains on the skin, umbilical cord, and nail
- Priority nursing care:
- Assist in tracheal suctioning
- Nursing care:
- Suctioning (oropharyngeal and tracheal)
- O2 support
- Severe: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- Exogenous surfactant administration
- IV fluid administration
- Administer systemic antibiotics as prescribed
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- Sudden unexpected death of any infant younger than 1 year of age
- Death usually occurs during sleep – “crib death”
- Most common cause of death in children ages 1 month to 1 year
- Peak: 2-4 months, 90% before 6th month
- Nursing management:
- Teach parents how to minimize the risk of SIDS
- Avoid smoking during and after pregnancy
- Encourage sleep on the back or side
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Description
Test your knowledge on premature infants delivered after 42 weeks of gestation, characterized by abundant scalp hair, visible creases on palms and soles of feet, and absence of lanugo. Learn about intrauterine growth restriction and causes of small for gestational age infants.
