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Questions and Answers
What is the main driver for the origins of architecture according to Vitruvius?
What is the main driver for the origins of architecture according to Vitruvius?
What type of prehistoric dwelling is primarily associated with nomadic lifestyles?
What type of prehistoric dwelling is primarily associated with nomadic lifestyles?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of prehistoric structure?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of prehistoric structure?
Which characteristic is true about monoliths?
Which characteristic is true about monoliths?
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What was a common building form in prehistoric architecture used by agriculturists?
What was a common building form in prehistoric architecture used by agriculturists?
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What does the term 'architectural typology' refer to?
What does the term 'architectural typology' refer to?
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Which prehistoric structure is characterized by being covered with turf?
Which prehistoric structure is characterized by being covered with turf?
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What is the significance of structures from the prehistoric period?
What is the significance of structures from the prehistoric period?
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What was the primary purpose of constructing the Aswan Dam?
What was the primary purpose of constructing the Aswan Dam?
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Which temples were threatened by flooding due to the construction of the Aswan Dam?
Which temples were threatened by flooding due to the construction of the Aswan Dam?
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Who was primarily responsible for discovering and exploring the Abu Simbel temples?
Who was primarily responsible for discovering and exploring the Abu Simbel temples?
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When did the disassembly of the Abu Simbel temples begin?
When did the disassembly of the Abu Simbel temples begin?
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What organization assisted in the relocation of the Abu Simbel temples?
What organization assisted in the relocation of the Abu Simbel temples?
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What was the initial form of the pyramid before its development into a more complex structure?
What was the initial form of the pyramid before its development into a more complex structure?
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What are obelisks primarily used for in ancient Egyptian architecture?
What are obelisks primarily used for in ancient Egyptian architecture?
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What significant alteration was made during the construction stages leading to the final pyramid form?
What significant alteration was made during the construction stages leading to the final pyramid form?
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What is the typical height ratio of an obelisk compared to its diameter?
What is the typical height ratio of an obelisk compared to its diameter?
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How many chambers are accessed via the entrances of the Bent Pyramid?
How many chambers are accessed via the entrances of the Bent Pyramid?
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What feature characterizes the structure of an obelisk?
What feature characterizes the structure of an obelisk?
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What significance does the size of Nefertari's statue hold compared to the Pharaoh's?
What significance does the size of Nefertari's statue hold compared to the Pharaoh's?
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How does the architecture of Nefertari's temple differ from that of the Great Temple?
How does the architecture of Nefertari's temple differ from that of the Great Temple?
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What does the Bent Pyramid represent in terms of architectural development?
What does the Bent Pyramid represent in terms of architectural development?
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Which deity is NOT mentioned in the context of the Small Temple's decorative themes?
Which deity is NOT mentioned in the context of the Small Temple's decorative themes?
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What unique feature does the northern entrance of the Bent Pyramid have?
What unique feature does the northern entrance of the Bent Pyramid have?
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What is the role of the figures at the entrance of the Small Temple?
What is the role of the figures at the entrance of the Small Temple?
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What construction method was used to block the passage from the western entrance?
What construction method was used to block the passage from the western entrance?
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What feature of the Small Temple emphasizes its dedication to Queen Nefertari?
What feature of the Small Temple emphasizes its dedication to Queen Nefertari?
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What structural feature is noted about the chamber accessible via the northern entrance?
What structural feature is noted about the chamber accessible via the northern entrance?
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What could have caused the builders to change the original angle of inclination of the Bent Pyramid?
What could have caused the builders to change the original angle of inclination of the Bent Pyramid?
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What does the word 'Dolmen' mean?
What does the word 'Dolmen' mean?
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Which of the following structures is an example of a Cromlech?
Which of the following structures is an example of a Cromlech?
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What purpose did the Lake Dwellings serve?
What purpose did the Lake Dwellings serve?
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What is the length of the Great Temple of Ammon?
What is the length of the Great Temple of Ammon?
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Which period contributed to the construction of the Great Temple of Ammon?
Which period contributed to the construction of the Great Temple of Ammon?
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Where is the Egyptian civilization primarily located?
Where is the Egyptian civilization primarily located?
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How many columns support the roof in the Hypostyle hall?
How many columns support the roof in the Hypostyle hall?
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What geographical feature greatly influenced the agriculture of Egypt?
What geographical feature greatly influenced the agriculture of Egypt?
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What type of burial structures are Tumuli considered?
What type of burial structures are Tumuli considered?
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What height do the columns in the side avenues reach?
What height do the columns in the side avenues reach?
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Which of the following is NOT a location where Dolmens can be found?
Which of the following is NOT a location where Dolmens can be found?
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What type of capital is found on the larger columns of the central avenues?
What type of capital is found on the larger columns of the central avenues?
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Which statement about the early forms of architecture is true?
Which statement about the early forms of architecture is true?
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What is the area of the great court of the Great Temple of Ammon?
What is the area of the great court of the Great Temple of Ammon?
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In which direction do the axes of the Great Temple of Ammon point?
In which direction do the axes of the Great Temple of Ammon point?
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Which feature enhances the lighting in the Hypostyle hall?
Which feature enhances the lighting in the Hypostyle hall?
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Study Notes
Lecture Information
- Course: History of Architecture - I
- Date: August 6th, 2018
- Faculty: Ar. Afiqa Nuzzhat
- Location: National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Prehistoric Architecture
- Prehistoric architecture refers to the period before written history, prior to any written explanation of culture and civilization.
- Early human needs for shelter directly related to the architecture of the time.
- Protection from the elements (inclement seasons) drove the initial design of shelters.
- Early shelters imitated natural forms like nests of birds or animal dens.
Types of Prehistoric Dwellings
- Caves/Rock Shelters: Natural rock formations used for dwelling.
- Huts: Simple structures of branches and materials like mud.
- Tents: Used by nomadic groups, often made of animal hides or coverings.
Classification of Prehistoric Remains
- Monoliths: Single upright stones (menhirs). Examples include those at Carnac, Brittany.
- Dolmens: Large stones supported by upright stones, forming a table-like structure. Found in England, Ireland, etc.
- Cromlechs: Circular arrangements of upright stones supporting horizontal slabs. Stonehenge is an example.
- Tumuli: Burial mounds, possibly prototypes for later pyramids.
- Lake Dwellings: Structures built on pilings over lakes, common in Switzerland, Italy, and Ireland.
Egyptian Civilization
- Location: Located in the Nile River Valley of Africa.
- Geographical Condition: Primarily a sandy desert with fertile land along the Nile River.
- Geological Condition: The Nile's flooding, acting as a vital fertilizing agent, made the desert fertile.
- Main features: Includes building materials (bricks), farming (papyrus), occupations (brick making). and religious beliefs.
Egyptian Architecture
- Tombs: Mastabas, Pyramids, and rock-cut tombs (used during the New Kingdom).
- Mastabas: Rectangular structures with sloping sides. They had inner chambers for storing belongings of the deceased.
- Pyramids: Large, four-sided structural monuments with a point at the top.
- Rock-cut tombs: Carved into rock faces, these often housed a series of chambers and corridors.
- Temples: The temples are of two types: a)mortuary temple and b)cult temple.
- Pylons: Large gateways of temples.
- Dwellings: Evidence suggests painted structures, typically one, two, or three stories, frequently with courtyards and gardens, and accessed by corridors.
Architectural Features
- Construction Systems: Introduction to Trabeated and Arcuated systems.
- Important Terms: Trabeated and Arcuated systems illustrated.
- Clerestory windows: Architectural elements that bring light to interior spaces.
- Hypothe Hall: Large hall with multiple columns.
- Columns: Types and examples (Hathor-headed, Lotus, Composite, etc.)
Specific Structures
- Bent Pyramid: A transitional form between stepped and smooth-sided pyramids.
- The Pyramids of Giza (Cheops/Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure): Large pyramids with various chambers
- The Temple of Khons at Karnak: A specific cult temple.
- Temple of Abu Simbel: A large rock-cut temple.
Rock-cut Tombs
- Rock-cut tombs were significant during the New Kingdom
- The Valley of Kings were used for approximately 500 years by the pharaohs
- Thebes (the ancient capital) is where many tombs from the New Kingdom are located.
Dwellings
- The evidence for dwellings are based on paintings and sculptures.
- They had one, two or three storied houses.
- Evidence suggests courtyards, corridors (for access) and flat roofs for living spaces.
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Description
Test your knowledge on prehistoric architecture and its key elements, as discussed by Vitruvius and the significance of ancient structures. Explore various types of prehistoric dwellings and their cultural implications. This quiz covers details about notable architectural achievements and significant historical events.
