Preguntas de Clínica 4to Final

Preguntas de Clínica 4to Final

• Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos: This is the university where the clinic is located.

• Preguntas de Clínica 4to Final: This is the title of the document, containing final exam questions.

• Tratamiento de Otitis Externa: Detailed information on treating different types of ear infections.

  • Circunscripta: Topic treatment with antiseptics, ibuprofen/paracetamol, and cephalexin 500mg every 6 hours for 10 days.
  • Difusa: Aspiration of secretions and debris, drainage for 48 hours, boric alcohol, antibiotic eye drops every 4 hours, and betamethasone IM if needed along with cephalexin 500mg every 6 hours for 10 days.
  • Maligna: Inpatient care, aspiration and removal of typical granulations, and antibiotics based on the antibiotic sensitivity test and renal profile - empirical treatment with piperacillin 200mg/kg/day.

• Tratamiento de OMA: Treatment for acute otitis media.

  • Includes aspiration of secretions, betamethasone IM, Amoxicillin 500mg every 8 hours for 7-10 days.
  • It also includes indications for myringotomy (surgical incision of the eardrum): elevated temperature, severe pain, persistent purulent otitis media, and treatment resistance.

• Complicaciones OMA: Potential complications following acute otitis media treatment. Lists otológicas and intracranial complications.

  • Otológicas: petrositis, labyrinthitis, mastoiditis, chronic OM, facial nerve paralysis (grade 5).
  • Intracraneales: extradural, intracerebral, subdural abscess, meningitis, sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis, and otitic hydrocephalus.

• Tratamiento Faringitis eritematopultacea: Treatment for erythematous pharyngitis, a type of sore throat.

  • Penicillin G benzathine 2,400,000 IU IM single dose is used.

• Complicaciones Faringitis eritematopultacea: Possible complications

  • Local complications: acute otitis media, cellulitis, sinusitis.
  • General complications: septicemia, rheumatic fever, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

• Indicaciones para cultivo en Sinusitis: Reasons for taking secretion samples for cultures in sinus infections.

  • Immunocompromised patients
  • Post-traumatic cases
  • Post-surgical cases
  • Intrahospital cases
  • Patients with severe pain
  • Patients who have not responded to treatment.

• Complicaciones de resfrío común: complications caused by a common cold.

  • Bacterial superinfection: acute otitis media, sinusitis, adenoiditis.

• Complicaciones de gripe:

  • Bronchitis
  • Bronchopneumonia
  • Cranial nerve palsies (ophthalmoplegia)
  • Encephalitis

• Solicitud de Rx de tórax en bronquitis aguda: Reason for chest X-rays in acute bronchitis

  • Fever and dyspnea not related to asthma
  • Persistent cough lasting more than 3 weeks;
  • Incomplete response to symptomatic treatment.

• Diferencia bronquitis complicada y no complicada: Differentiating between complicated and uncomplicated bronchitis

  • Categorized by symptoms duration and presence of comorbidities.

• Signos de mal pronóstico hantavirus: Signs associated with a poor prognosis of hantavirus infection.

• Criterios de dengue grave: criteria that are used to determine if dengue has become serious.

• Sospecha de dengue: Signs and symptoms of possible dengue fever.

• Diferencias colitis ulcerosa vs enfermedad de Crohn: key differences between the two inflammatory bowel diseases with descriptions of the general characteristics and clinical manifestations of each

• Tratamiento CU: Treatment options for ulcerative colitis. Includes details on mesalazine usage, prednisone, ciclosporine, and colproctomoy.

• Clasificación Síndrome Intestino Irritable: Classification based on predominant symptom (constipation, diarrhea, or mixed). Subtypes (SII-D, SII-C, SII-M) are also mentioned.

• Roma II-III Sme Intestino Irritable: Details of the symptoms and diagnoses associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome , including symptom durations, related triggers etc.

• Tratamiento farmacológico excitación psicomotriz: Explanation and usage guidelines for medication, dosages and administration details for treating psychomotor agitation.

• Clasificación de los Ángeles ERGE: Classification system for the severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease

• Dx de certeza intoxicación cocainica aguda: Diagnostic method, substances looked for in urine testing and required measures.

• Tratamiento intoxicación aguda por opiáceos: Treatment for opioid intoxication, including medication administration and guidelines for symptoms management

• Órganos blanco específicos de la marihuana: Targets in the body affected by marijuana usage.

• Criterios de intoxicación aguda grave por LSD: Criteria of severe LSD intoxication, including hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, rhabdomyolysis, and respiratory depression.

• Criterios de internación anorexia: Reasons and criteria to potentially admit a patient with anorexia. It includes details about weight loss (more than 25-30% of initial weight and a loss of 2 kg per week) and other biological imbalances.

• Criterios de internación bulimia: Criteria for hospitalization (including symptoms, criteria and details).

• Tratamiento Uretritis: Treatment for urethritis (the inflammation of the urethra).

  • No complicada: Gonococcal urethritis is treated with Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM single dose
  • Complicada: Chlamydia is treated with doxycycline 100 mg twice daily orally for 7 days. (Additional dosage and duration are given for serious complication cases).

• Complicaciones meningitis bacteriana: Potential complications of bacterial meningitis, including hydrocephalus, cerebral infarct, hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and seizures.

• Indicaciones de punción lumbar: Conditions when a lumbar puncture is appropriate. (Infectious, metabolic, inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and neoplastic).

• Indicaciones de espirometría en asma: When measuring lung function with spirometry is necessary for asthma.

• Tratamiento escalonado de asma: Management strategy for asthma in various stages.

• Tratamiento crisis asmática: Handling acute asthma attacks.

• Tratamiento HTA: Management interventions and treatment options for hypertension. Provides 1,2,3,and 4th line treatment options for hypertension categorizing by age and comorbidities

• Indicaciones IECA: Conditions where angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are appropriate for treating high blood pressure.

• Indicaciones betabloqueantes: Conditions where beta-blockers are indicated as treatment for high blood pressure.

• Contraindicaciones calcioantagonistas: Conditions that make calcium channel blockers unsuitable as a treatment for hypertension.

• Tratamiento ACV ISQUEMICO: Treatment for ischemic stroke; covering initial treatment steps, necessary procedures for the patient in the initial phase, dosages, and cautions

• Tratamiento ACV HEMORRAGICO: Treatment for hemorrhagic stroke, emphasizing surgical procedures for stopping the bleeding and other interventions

• Tratamiento DBT tipo 2: Treatment guidelines for type 2 Diabetes, including both lifestyle and medication strategies, and relevant parameters to monitor.

• Contraindicaciones de Sulfolinureas: Situations when sulfonylureas aren't appropriate as treatment for type 2 diabetes.

• Indicaciones de Insulinización: Conditions justifying insulin treatment in diabetes (type 1, control failure, pregnancy, and others).

• Grupos de riesgo Ca colorrectal: groups of people at increased risk for colorectal cancer, including familial history of cancer and other health issues.

• Tratamiento según estadio Ca colorrectal: Treatment protocols for colorectal cancer based on its stage.

• Seguimiento Ca Colorrectal: Monitoring guidelines for colorectal cancer following treatment.

• Indicaciones de hierro IM: Guidelines for administering iron intramuscularly.

• Profilaxis con sulfato ferroso: When iron supplements are used as a preventative measure.

• Indicaciones de tacto rectal: When a digital rectal examination is medically appropriate

• Contraindicaciones tacto rectal: Situations where a digital rectal examination is contraindicated.

• Indicaciones de toracocentesis: Medical reasons for performing a toracocentesis (the aspiration of fluid from the pleural space)

• Complicaciones de toracocentesis: Potential complications from a toracocentesis.

• Indicaciones de Raquicentesis (PL): When a spinal cord puncture is appropriate.

• Contraindicaciones de raquicentesis: Conditions that make a spinal cord puncture inadvisable.

  • Fondo de Ojo: Use of eye examination to detect conditions that warrant immediate medical attention, including but not limited to the high intracranial pressure and possible contraindication of a lumbar puncture.

• Criterios diagnostico de Sme metabolico (ATP III): criteria to diagnose metabolic syndrome.

• Clasificacion del pie diabético: Classification system for the severity of diabetic foot ulceration.

• Tratamiento de ERGE: Treatment strategies for GERD, including medication and lifestyle adjustments.

• Tratamiento hipotiroidismo: Treatment strategy for thyroid underactivity, noting the importance of medication timing and monitoring of thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) levels.

• Seguimiento hipotiroidismo: Follow-up protocol once patients are euthyroid.

• Diagnostico anemia: Diagnostic approach to anemia, noting different considerations based on the patient's age and sex. Also includes a discussion of causes of anemia, testing, and treatment considerations.

• Indicaciones de hierro IM: Guidelines for administering iron intramuscularly.

• Profilaxis con sulfato ferroso: When iron supplements are used as a preventative measure.

• Indicaciones SNG: Reasons for using a nasogastric tube (NGT).

• Complicaciones de SNG: Potential complications from a nasogastric tube.

• Diagnóstico de anemia: Diagnostic approach to anemia (including etiology, tests, and considerations for monitoring response to treatment).

• Indicaciones de ecografía tiroidea: Conditions that suggest a thyroid ultrasound is necessary.

• Screening fx tiroidea: Screening guidelines for thyroid function tests.

• Indicadores de hipertensión portal: signs and symptoms of increased pressure in the portal vein

• Síntomas sistémicos de cirrosis: Non-specific symptoms that can be caused by cirrhosis

• Historia natural HCC: Progression of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) from the initial stages till the advanced disease stages.

• Indicaciones de VEDA en seguimiento de cirrosis: Reasons to monitor patients with cirrhosis.

• Indicaciones de toracocentesis: Medical justification for performing a toracocentesis (the aspiration of fluid from the pleural space).